ICP-MS: Analytical Method for Identification and Detection of Elemental Impurities

Mittal, Mohini; Kumar, Kapil; Anghore, Durgadas; Rawal, Ravindra K.

doi:10.2174/1570163813666161221141402

Cited by 45 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The metal content of the e-liquids that were obtained from the sampling was measured via ICP-MS. ICP-MS provides a quantitative measure of metal concentrations with detection limits as low a part per billion, and it is widely used, for example it is the gold standard for measurement of metal impurities in pharmaceuticals 23 . Our protocol involved initially running a ‘semi-quantitative analysis’ via ICP-MS which provides a rapid screen to identify all metals present in each e-liquid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigalike electronic nicotine delivery systems e-liquids contain variable levels of metals

Neu

Lee

Brandis

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are prefilled, battery-operated products intended to deliver nicotine to the user via an inhaled complex aerosol formed by heating a liquid composed of propylene glycol and glycerol, also referred to as vegetable glycerin and collectively called e-liquid, that contains nicotine and various flavor ingredients. Since their introduction in 2006, the number of ENDS on the market has increased exponentially. Despite their growing ubiquity, the possible health risks associated with ENDS use remain poorly understood. One potential concern is the presence of toxic metals in the e-liquid and aerosol. Herein, we report the evaluation of the metal content in the e-liquids from a series of commercially available cigalike ENDS brands (various flavors) determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) following e-liquid extraction. Each brand of cigalike ENDS was purchased at least three times at retail outlets in the Baltimore, Maryland metropolitan region over a period of six months (September 2017 to February 2018). This allowed for comparison of batch-to-batch variability. Several potentially toxic metals, including lead, chromium, copper, and nickel were detected in the e-liquids. In addition, high variability in metal concentrations within and between brands and flavors was observed . The internal assembled parts of each cartridge were analyzed by X-ray imaging, before dissembling so that the materials used to manufacture each cartridge could be evaluated to determine the metals they contained. Following washing to remove traces of e-liquid, lead, chromium, copper and nickel were all detected in the cigalike ENDS prefilled cartridges, suggesting one potential source for the metals found in the e-liquids. Collectively, these findings can inform further evaluation of product design and manufacturing processes, including quantification of metal concentrations in e-liquids over foreseeable storage times, safeguards against high concentrations of metals in the e-liquid before and after aerosolization (by contact with a metal heating coil), and control over batch-to-batch variability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigalike electronic nicotine delivery systems e-liquids contain variable levels of metals

Neu

Lee

Brandis

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…FT-IR, XPS, 13C and H NMR, SEM, EDX and ICP-MS analysis demonstrated that new functional groups were formed, such as -C-Se, Se-Se, -SH=Se and -CONH. ICP-MS is used to determine the single elements and perform multielement analysis of synthetic drugs ( 39 ). The higher content of Se in ACBP-S-Se than in ACBP may indicate that Se was successfully incorporated into the molecular chain of ACBP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…no. 7900ICP, Agilent Technologies, Inc.) as previously described ( 39 ). Following ignition, the tested elements and internal standard (10 bbp TuneA) were set according to the standard model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant stress and anticancer activity of peptide‑chelated selenium in vitro

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

Int J Mol Med

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The association between selenium and peptide in gastric cancer is an important research topic. The present study reported the facile synthesis of anticancer bioactive peptide (ACBP)-functionalized selenium (ACBP-S-Se) particles with enhanced anticancer activities and a detailed mechanistic evaluation of their ability to regulate oxidative stress in vitro . Structural and chemical characterizations were revealed by ultraviolet absorption, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron, nuclear magnetic resonance carbon and hydrogen, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, as well as scanning electron microscopy. Sulfhydrylation modifications of ACBP were achieved with Sacetylmercaptosuccinic anhydride via chemical absorption. After the polypeptide was modified by sulfhydrylation, the ACBP chain was linked to sulfhydryl groups by amide bonds to form the ACBP-chelated selenium complex. Two gastric cancer cell lines (MKN-45 and MKN-74 cells) demonstrated high susceptibility to ACBP-S-Se particles and displayed significantly decreased proliferation ability following treatment. The results suggested that the bioactive peptide-chelated selenium particles effectively inhibited the proliferation of MKN-45 and MKN-74 cells in vitro . The genes encoding CDK inhibitor 1A ( CDKN1A) , cyclin B1, thioredoxin ( TXN) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 are associated with regulation of oxidative stress, while CDKN1A and TXN protect cells by decreasing oxidative stress and promoting cell growth arrest. Therefore, ACBP-S-Se may be an ideal chemotherapeutic candidate for human cancer, especially gastric cancer.

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“…In this sense, a method used for monitoring inorganic contaminants in drugs is based on a classic colorimetric test described in the USP General Chapter < 231 > [7]. Relevant papers devoted to the determination of elemental impurities in pharmaceutical products by ICP based techniques have been published in the last years [6,[8][9][10][11]. Besides the associated error with the subjective visual comparison, this method is only useful for Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mo, Pb, Sb and Sn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screen‐printed Electrodes for the Determination of Iridium in Drugs

et al. 2018

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Among the impurities that must be controlled in drugs and pharmaceuticals, metal ions are considered. These metal impurities appear in those products because of their use as catalysts. Although Pharmacopeias recommend ICP based methods for their determination, the use of electroanalytical techniques can be considered as a sensible, selective and non‐expensive alternative for the determination of heavy metal ions in general and metal impurities in particular. In the present work, we propose a differential pulse voltammetric method based on the use of carbon based‐screen‐printed electrodes (graphite, nanotubes or nanofibers) that allows the determination of iridium in drugs at the concentration limits recommended by official organisms. Carbon screen‐printed electrode modified with nanotubes (CNT‐SPCE) is the sensor that provided the best LOD and LOQ (0.03 and 0.10 mg L−1 respectively). Then, the proposed method was applied to the voltammetric determination of iridium in spiked drug samples purchased in local chemists using CNT‐SPCE.

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ICP-MS: Analytical Method for Identification and Detection of Elemental Impurities

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Cigalike electronic nicotine delivery systems e-liquids contain variable levels of metals

Cigalike electronic nicotine delivery systems e-liquids contain variable levels of metals

Antioxidant stress and anticancer activity of peptide‑chelated selenium in vitro

Screen‐printed Electrodes for the Determination of Iridium in Drugs

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