ICT Based Performance Evaluation of Primary Frequency Control Support from Renewable Power Plants in Smart Grids

Abstract

Abstract:The increased penetration of Renewable Energy Generation (ReGen) plants in future power systems poses several challenges to the stability of the entire system. In future green energy rich power systems, the responsibility for providing ancillary services will be shifted from conventional power plants towards ReGen plants, such as wind and photovoltaic power plants. Frequency control support from the Wind Power Plants (WPPs) is one of the crucial ancillary services in order to preserve operational stability in case of grid disturbances. Among other requirements, the ability to provide fast frequency control support from ReGen plants will highly depend on the underlying communication infrastructure that allows an exchange of information between different ReGen plants and the control centers. This paper, therefore, focuses on the evaluation of the impact of communication and the related aspects to provide online frequency control support from ReGen (with special focus on WPP). The performance evaluation is based on an aggregated WPP model that is integrated into a generic power system model. This generic power system model is specifically designed to assess the ancillary services in a relatively simple yet relevant environment. Several case studies with different wind speeds at a particular wind-power penetration level and communication scenarios are considered to evaluate the performance of power system frequency response. The article provides the Transmission System Operator (TSO) and other communication engineers insights into the importance and various aspects of communication infrastructure for general service coordination between WPPs and specifically primary frequency control coordination from WPPs in future power systems.

Inertia Provision and Small Signal Stability Analysis of a Wind-Power Generation System Using Phase-Locked Synchronized Equation

“…As is indicated in (5) and (6), ∆u ds establishes the relationship between the active power equation and the PLL equation. The expression of ∆u ds is calculated as ∆u ds = −∆ω pll /(K P_PLL + K I_PLL K P_PLL /s), which is substituted into (5) to obtain the transfer function of PLL.…”

“…Among the current wind power technology, the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind power generation system presents obvious dominance with high energy transfer efficiency, flexible grid connection, and power decoupling control [3][4][5]. Nevertheless, the power system with high wind energy penetration experiences significant transitions in dynamic and transient characteristics [6]. Different from the synchronous generators (SGs), the DFIG operates at the maximum power producing point for a given wind speed [7].…”

Modified Cascaded Controller Design Constructed on Fractional Operator ‘β’ to Mitigate Frequency Fluctuations for Sustainable Operation of Power Systems

“…of the technique behind smart grid applications has been proposed in [12]. In order to support online frequency control from renewable power stations, an evaluation of the influence of communication and the associated factors has been presented in [13]. The authors of [13] also provided the relevance of the transmission system operator insights, and several communication factors such as infrastructure for general service communication and collaboration between wind power plants (WPPs), specifically primary frequency control management from WPPs for future power systems.…”

“…In order to support online frequency control from renewable power stations, an evaluation of the influence of communication and the associated factors has been presented in [13]. The authors of [13] also provided the relevance of the transmission system operator insights, and several communication factors such as infrastructure for general service communication and collaboration between wind power plants (WPPs), specifically primary frequency control management from WPPs for future power systems. Similarly, the study in [14] provided a distributed coordination technique using inverter-based resources to improve the running costs of microgrid systems, where the control strategy is proven to achieve optimum process and frequency even in the presence of communication failures.…”

Impacts of Responsive Loads and Energy Storage System on Frequency Response of a Multi-Machine Power System

“…However, other methods of frequency regulation are also gaining the popularity due to environmental and financial concerns. Utilization of renewable energy resources, energy storage systems (ESS) and responsive loads are some of the famous methods for the frequency regulation [4][5][6].…”