Idealized analysis of relative values of bidirectional versus unidirectional electric vehicle charging in deeply decarbonized electricity systems

Dioha, Michael O.; Ruggles, T.; Ashfaq, Sara; Caldeira, Ken

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104906

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Each technology in the model is characterized by a variable cost and a fixed cost. Existing technology costs as collected by the US-EIA are used in our analysis [51]. Cost minimization is the main objective function and installed capacity, and hourly dispatch of all available technologies are the decision variables.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Role of Long Duration Energy Storage Technologies for Zero-Carbon Electricity Systems

Ashfaq,

El Myasse,

Zhang

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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The successful integration of renewable energy resources into the power grid hinges on the development of energy storage technologies that are both cost-effective and reliable. These storage technologies, capable of storing energy for durations longer than 10 hours, play a crucial role in mitigating the variability inherent in wind and solar-dominant power systems. To shed light on this matter, a transparent, least-cost macro energy model with user-defined constraints has been utilized for a case study of California. The model addresses all included technologies, solving for both hourly dispatch and installed capacities. Real-world historical demand and hourly weather data have been utilized to do this analysis. A novel approach has been introduced to assess the significance of long-duration energy storage technologies (LDS) in terms of their energy and power capacity. This method explores the contributions of pumped hydropower storage (PHS), compressed air energy storage (CAES), and power-to-gas-to-power (PGP) storage toward minimizing the overall balance of system cost. Historical electricity demand, hourly weather data, and current technology costs are used to investigate high-level implications for California's power system options. Increasing the storage capacity of each technology from 1 to 10 hours results in 29.6%, 14.4%, and 7.5% cost reduction for PHS, CAES, and PGP cases respectively. However, in studied simulations, maximum availability (maximum) of pumped hydropower storage reduces the balance of system costs by 72.3% followed by CAES (60.6%) and PGP (48.6%) and suggests that pumped hydropower storage in combination with CAES/PGP could play an important role in California's electricity system, provided that suitable sites can be identified and constructed at reasonable costs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Role of Long Duration Energy Storage Technologies for Zero-Carbon Electricity Systems

Ashfaq,

El Myasse,

Zhang

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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“…In addition, most studies do not account for the degradation cost of providing flexibility through switching between various charging protocols of BEVs [49][50][51] . Although many models have been developed to simulate battery degradation [52][53][54][55] , the implications of the degradation cost for EV charging flexibility have not been fully revealed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexibility Values of Battery and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

Liu¹,

He²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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To address the intermittency problems of variable renewable energy (VRE) in low-carbon energy systems, flexibility has become increasingly important. Electrified transportation exhibits great potentialto provide essential flexibility. In this work, we analyzed and compared the flexibility values of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) for planning and operating interdependent electricity and hydrogen supply infrastructures while considering battery degradation impacts and costs. A cross-scale framework involving both macro-level and micro-level models was proposed to compute the values of flexible EV charging. At the macro level, a sector-coupling planning model was adopted to estimate the system cost reduction from flexible EV charging incorporating battery degradation costs. Battery degradation cost computation for BEVs was based on micro-level simulations of battery degradation via a porous electrode theory-based model under various charging-time constraints and temperatures. The results show that the flexibility values of BEVs are significantly reduced by considering the battery degradation cost and becomes comparable to those of FCEVs. Fast charging and a low-temperature environment could reduce the flexibility values of BEVs due to increased degradation. Under theelectrolytic-hydrogen only pathway, with more stronglycoupled power and hydrogen supply chains, the flexibility values of BEVs are significantly reduced because of the substitution effect of the less expensive flexibility from hydrogen storage. Our findings imply that policies (e.g., the hydrogen pathway) and relevant management technologies (e.g., battery fast charging and thermal management) for BEV battery degradation mitigation are crucial to shaping the comparative flexibility advantage of the two transportation electrification pathways.

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“…To the authors' knowledge, the flexibility values of BEVs and FCEVs have not been compared using a sector-coupling energy system optimization model with a high temporal resolution and a full spectrum of energy supply chain technologies in the power and hydrogen sectors. In addition, most studies do not account for the degradation cost of providing flexibility through switching between various charging protocols of BEVs [40][41][42] . Although many models have been developed to simulate battery degradation [43][44][45][46] , the implications of the degradation cost for EV charging flexibility are still unclear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-scale framework for evaluating flexibility values of battery and fuel cell electric vehicles

Liu,

He,

Wang

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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Flexibility has become increasingly important considering the intermittency of variable renewable energy in low-carbon energy systems. Electrified transportation exhibits great potential to provide flexibility. This article analyzed and compared the flexibility values of battery electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles for planning and operating interdependent electricity and hydrogen supply chains while considering battery degradation costs. A cross-scale framework involving both macro-level and micro-level models was proposed to compute the profits of flexible EV refueling/charging with battery degradation considered. Here we show that the flexibility reduction after considering battery degradation is quantified by at least 4.7% of the minimum system cost and enlarged under fast charging and low-temperature scenarios. Our findings imply that energy policies and relevant management technologies are crucial to shaping the comparative flexibility advantage of the two transportation electrification pathways. The proposed cross-scale methodology has broad implications for the assessment of emerging energy technologies with complex dynamics.

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Idealized analysis of relative values of bidirectional versus unidirectional electric vehicle charging in deeply decarbonized electricity systems

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

Comparing the Role of Long Duration Energy Storage Technologies for Zero-Carbon Electricity Systems

Comparing the Role of Long Duration Energy Storage Technologies for Zero-Carbon Electricity Systems

Flexibility Values of Battery and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

A cross-scale framework for evaluating flexibility values of battery and fuel cell electric vehicles

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