Computational models of the cardiac action potential are increasingly being used to investigate the effects of 4 genetic mutations, predict pro-arrhythmic risk in drug development, and to guide clinical interventions. These safety-critical 5 applications, and indeed our understanding of the cardiac action potential, depend on accurate characterisation of the underlying 6 ionic currents. Four different methods can be found in the literature to fit ionic current models to single-cell measurements: 7 (Method 1) fitting model equations directly to time constant, steady-state, and I-V summary curves; (Method 2) fitting by comparing 8 simulated versions of these summary curves to their experimental counterparts; (Method 3) fitting to the current traces themselves 9 from a range of protocols; and (Method 4) fitting to a single current trace from an information-rich voltage clamp protocol. We 10 compare these methods using a set of experiments in which hERG1a current from single Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells 11 was characterised using multiple fitting protocols and an independent validation protocol. We show that Methods 3 and 4 provide 12 the best predictions on the independent validation set, and that the short information-rich protocols of Method 4 can replace 13 much longer conventional protocols without loss of predictive ability. While data for Method 2 is most readily available from the 14 literature, we find it performs poorly compared to Methods 3 and 4 both in accuracy of predictions and computational efficiency. 15 Our results demonstrate how novel experimental and computational approaches can improve the quality of model predictions in 16 safety-critical applications.
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Statement of Significance
18Mathematical models have been constructed to capture and share our understanding of the kinetics of ion channel currents 19 for almost 70 years, and hundreds of models have been developed, using a variety of techniques. We compare how well four 20 of the main methods fit data, how reliable and efficient the process of fitting is, and how predictive the resulting models are 21 for physiological situations. The most widely-used traditional approaches based on current-voltage and time constant-voltage 22 curves do not produce the most predictive models. Short, optimised experimental voltage clamp protocols can be used to create 23 models that are as predictive as ones derived from traditional protocols, opening up possibilities for measuring ion channel 24 kinetics faster, more accurately and in single cells. As these models often form part of larger multi-scale action potential and 25 tissue electrophysiology models, improved ion channel kinetics models could influence the findings of thousands of simulation 26 studies.
27Computational models of ionic currents have been used to understand the formation of the action potential (AP) (1-3), the 29 effects of genetic mutations (4), and the action of drugs on the rhythm of the heart (5). By fitting a mathematical model to 30 experimentally measured currents w...