Identificación de bacterias patógenas en peces capturados en el Pacífico frente a Nicaragua

Abstract

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar bacterias patógenas en peces procedentes de 4 comunidades en la costa del Pacífico en el occidente de Nicaragua. Se recolectaron 62 peces para realizar el análisis microbiológico a partir de muestras de músculo, las cuales fueron inoculadas en agar tiosulfato citrato bilis sacarosa y agar tripticasa de soja. La identificación bacteriana se realizó mediante pruebas bioquímicas y de tolerancia a diferentes concentraciones de NaCl, y para determinar la resistencia bacteriana, se empleó el método Kirby-Bauer. Los resultados mostraron presencia de Vibrio metschnikovii en un 30.64% (IC 95%: 18.36–42.92) de las muestras de peces, mientras que Salinivibrio costicola fue detectada en un 22.58% (IC 95%: 11.37–33.79) de las muestras. Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa (SCN) fue detectada en un 82.30% (IC 95%: 71.94–92.57) de las muestras. Especies del género Vibrio fueron detectadas a una concentración de 3.9 × 103 UFC·g–1 en las muestras de peces de la comunidad Las Peñitas y de 2.52 × 103 UFC·g–1 en las de Poneloya, y estos valores fueron significativamente mayores (P = 0.003) que aquellos encontrados para las muestras de El Tránsito (5.25 × 102 UFC·g–1). Además, el 100% de las cepas de V. metschnikovii y S. costicola fueron resistentes a amoxicilina/ácido clavulánico y sensibles a ciprofloxacina. La carga bacteriana de S. costicola es propia de ambientes marinos y no representa riesgo sanitario. Sin embargo, V. metschnikovii puede estar presente en el pescado crudo y, por lo tanto, representa un peligro para la salud pública, así como también lo es SCN, que es un indicador de contaminación antropogénica.

Identification of Vibrio metschnikovii and Vibrio injensis Isolated from Leachate Ponds: Characterization of Their Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence-Associated Genes

“…Our results are consistent with those obtained by other authors who have recently isolated V. metschnikovii from aquatic environments [19,[31][32][33][34]. Håkonsholm et al found a Gram-negative bacterium on the west coast of Norway and reported that 21% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin (beta-lactam), whereas 13% were resistant to tobramycin (aminoglycoside) [31].…”

“…Likewise, the results corresponding to the antibiotic susceptibility profiles coincide with those of other researchers who have reported infections caused by V. metschnikovii both in animals and in humans. Flores et al found this Gram-negative bacterium in fish captured in the Nicaraguan Pacific and reported that 100% of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and 70% were resistant to ampicillin [33]. Moreover, V. metschnikovii isolates with reduced sensitivity to aminoglycosides, including amikacin and gentamicin, were identified in hybrid sturgeons cultivated in China [34].…”

“…Isolate L7-12 (Table 1) was selected to sequence its genome as previous reports by other authors indicated a high prevalence of resistance to beta-lactams and aminoglycosides in Vibrio [16,19,[31][32][33][34]. When analyzing the results, the presence of the bla CARB-9 gene was detected (Table 2), which has been recently reported in Vibrio metschnikovii by Håkonsholm et al; however, this has also been observed in other species such as V. cholerae [31,35,36], V. alginolyticus, and V. antiquarius [31].…”

Taxonomic Profiling of Microorganisms Inhabiting Two Solar Salterns that Produce High- and Low-Quality Salts

“…Genome sequencing indicated the presence of genes related to arsenic, NaCl, and UV radiation resistance as well as genes for DNA repair mechanism and xanthorhodopsin, enabling them to thrive in extreme environments with high salinity and temperature (Gorriti et al 2014). Due to the common presence for Salinivibrio in marine environments, it may not represent a health concern, as reported for S. costicola (Flores et al 2021). The prevalent 16S rRNA reads of Enterobacter identified in CP-Tuban and CP-Sampang mostly showed high homology (>98% identity) with those of E. cloacae and E. mori (Supplementary Table 1 and 2).…”

A Review on Food Safety: The Case of Citrobacter sp., Fish and Fish Products

“…(2) non-native, which includes bacteria present in water with fecal contamination and/or associated with inadequate hygiene practices and conditions during capture, transportation, processing, and handling phases, identifying various enterobacteria, such as E. coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter sp., Serratia sp., P. vulgaris, Listeria monocytogenes, S. agalactiae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus, among others [2,4,30,31,34].…”