Identification and Characterization of a Novel Alpaca Respiratory Coronavirus Most Closely Related to the Human Coronavirus 229E

Crossley, Beate; Mock, Richard E.; Callison, Scott A.; Hietala, Sharon K.

doi:10.3390/v4123689

Cited by 74 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(39 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Conversely, clinical isolates display a full-length ORF4 sequence [32]. An intact ORF4 is also observed in bat and camel viruses related to HCoV-229E [19,22], whereas the alpaca alpha-CoV displays a onenucleotide insertion, resulting in a frameshift [20] ( Figure 1B). The availability of only a single alpaca CoV genome makes it impossible to determine whether the inserted sequence is representative of the alpaca CoV population or, else, if it represents a sequencing error.…”

Section: Hcov-oc43mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…CoVs closely related to HCoV-229E were recently isolated from African hipposiderid bats [19], and a CoV belonging to the same species as HCoV-229E had been described in captive alpacas suffering from an acute respiratory syndrome [20,21] (Figure 1A). Analysis of these viral genomes indicated that, compared to HCoV-229E, they carry an additional ORF at the genomic 3' end [20] ( Figure 1B). This ORF, which is designated ORF8 but shares no Box…”

Section: Synonymous Constraintmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HCoV-OC43 emerged roughly 120 years ago from BCoV homology with the homonymous SARS-CoV gene, has unknown function and shows limited similarities to any other CoV gene [20]. We analyzed the sequences of recently identified alpha-CoVs from camels [22] and found that ORF8 is encoded by these viruses, as well ( Figure 1B).…”

Section: Hcov-oc43mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Molecular Evolution of Human Coronavirus Genomes

Forni

Cagliani

Clerici

et al. 2017

Trends in Microbiology

686

777

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, are zoonotic pathogens that originated in wild animals. HCoVs have large genomes that encode a fixed array of structural and nonstructural components, as well as a variety of accessory proteins that differ in number and sequence even among closely related CoVs. Thus, in addition to recombination and mutation, HCoV genomes evolve through gene gains and losses. In this review we summarize recent findings on the molecular evolution of HCoV genomes, with special attention to recombination and adaptive events that generated new viral species and contributed to host shifts and to HCoV emergence. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

show abstract

Section: Hcov-oc43mentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Synonymous Constraintmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Molecular Evolution of Human Coronavirus Genomes

Forni

Cagliani

Clerici

et al. 2017

Trends in Microbiology

686

777

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The single virus strain, termed Alpaca coronavirus (ACoV), was fully sequenced and found to be highly related to known HCoV-229E strains. Epidemiological records suggested that the virus had caused a small outbreak of respiratory disease in exposed alpacas (Crossley et al, 2010(Crossley et al, , 2012, but it was never observed in feral animals. As no knowledge existed on related viruses other than HCoV-229E at that time, the finding was difficult to interpret as the strain could simply have been acquired from humans.…”

Section: Hcov-229ementioning

confidence: 99%

Hosts and Sources of Endemic Human Coronaviruses

Corman

Muth

Niemeyer

et al. 2018

Advances in Virus Research

920

835

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The four endemic human coronaviruses HCoV-229E, -NL63, -OC43, and -HKU1 contribute a considerable share of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in adults and children. While their clinical representation resembles that of many other agents of the common cold, their evolutionary histories, and host associations could provide important insights into the natural history of past human pandemics. For two of these viruses, we have strong evidence suggesting an origin in major livestock species while primordial associations for all four viruses may have existed with bats and rodents. HCoV-NL63 and -229E may originate from bat reservoirs as assumed for many other coronaviruses, but HCoV-OC43 and -HKU1 seem more likely to have speciated from rodent-associated viruses. HCoV-OC43 is thought to have emerged from ancestors in domestic animals such as cattle or swine. The bovine coronavirus has been suggested to be a possible ancestor, from which HCoV-OC43 may have emerged in the context of a pandemic recorded historically at the end of the 19th century. New data suggest that HCoV-229E may actually be transferred from dromedary camels similar to Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus. This scenario provides important ecological parallels to the present prepandemic pattern of host associations of the MERS coronavirus.

show abstract

“…Also FIPVs seem to have lost the ability to replicate in the enteric tract (Pedersen, 2014). Clinical isolates of human coronavirus 229E as well as of the related alpaca coronavirus, both of which cause respiratory infections, encode relatively short spike proteins that lack the NTR (Crossley et al, 2012;Farsani et al, 2012). In contrast, closely related bat coronaviruses with intestinal tropism contain S proteins with a NTR or sometimes even two copies of the NTR (Corman et al, 2015) (Fig.…”

Section: S 1 Ntr Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus Spike Protein and Tropism Changes

Hulswit

Haan

Bosch

2016

Advances in Virus Research

430

404

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coronaviruses (CoVs) have a remarkable potential to change tropism. This is particularly illustrated over the last 15 years by the emergence of two zoonotic CoVs, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)- and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV. Due to their inherent genetic variability, it is inevitable that new cross-species transmission events of these enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses will occur. Research into these medical and veterinary important pathogens-sparked by the SARS and MERS outbreaks-revealed important principles of inter- and intraspecies tropism changes. The primary determinant of CoV tropism is the viral spike (S) entry protein. Trimers of the S glycoproteins on the virion surface accommodate binding to a cell surface receptor and fusion of the viral and cellular membrane. Recently, high-resolution structures of two CoV S proteins have been elucidated by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. Using this new structural insight, we review the changes in the S protein that relate to changes in virus tropism. Different concepts underlie these tropism changes at the cellular, tissue, and host species level, including the promiscuity or adaptability of S proteins to orthologous receptors, alterations in the proteolytic cleavage activation as well as changes in the S protein metastability. A thorough understanding of the key role of the S protein in CoV entry is critical to further our understanding of virus cross-species transmission and pathogenesis and for development of intervention strategies.

show abstract

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Alpaca Respiratory Coronavirus Most Closely Related to the Human Coronavirus 229E

Cited by 74 publications

References 34 publications

Molecular Evolution of Human Coronavirus Genomes

Molecular Evolution of Human Coronavirus Genomes

Hosts and Sources of Endemic Human Coronaviruses

Coronavirus Spike Protein and Tropism Changes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About