Identification and Characterization of Anthocyanins in Yard-Long Beans (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis L.) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection and Electrospray Ionization/Mass Spectrometry (HPLC−DAD−ESI/MS) Analysis

Abstract

Anthocyanins play an important role in physiological functions related to human health. The objective of this study was to investigate the profiles of anthocyanins in the immature purple pods and black seeds of yard-long beans ( Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis L.) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection and electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (DAD-ESI/MS) analysis. The individual anthocyanins were identified by comparing their mass spectrometric data and retention times. In the purple pods, five individual anthocyanins were identified: delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (2), cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside (4), cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (5), pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside (7), and peonidin-3-O-glucoside (8). From the black seed coat of the yard-long beans, seven anthocyanins were identified, including delphinidin-3-O-galactoside (1), cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (3), petunidin-3-O-glucoside (6), and malvidin-3-O-glucoside (9), together with compounds 2, 5, and 8. In this study, we report for the first time anthocyanin profiles for the pod and seed coat of yard-long beans.

Protective effect of black raspberry seed containing anthocyanins against oxidative damage to DNA, protein, and lipid

“…Anthocyanin was analyzed by using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method (Ha et al 2010). Freezedried fresh or wine seed powder (0.5 g) was extracted with 10 mL of 40 % methanol (0.1 % HCl) for 48 h at 4°C in the dark and filtration was performed using a 0.45 μm cellulose acetate syringe filter (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) prior to injection.…”

Inhibitory effect of anthocyanin-rich black soybean testa (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) on the inflammation-induced adipogenesis in a DIO mouse model

“…Nine natural anthocyanins, including the six found by Korean researchers, and three other major ones such as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (D3G), and petunidin-3-O-glucoside (P3G) are present in the testa of black soybean (Lee et al, 2009). Although the total anthocyanin content depends on the types and sources of the soybean and ranges between 3 and 18 mg/g in 14 types of black soybean testa, the Cheongja #3 types of black soybean contains seven anthocyanins, with dominant levels of C3G, D3G and P3G (Ha et al, 2010). Especially, 65% of the total anthocyanins in black soybean testa is composed of C3G, and 25% of them is D3G (Lee et al, 2009).…”

Phenolic composition and mammary cancer cell inhibition of extracts of whole cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) and its anatomical parts

“…Wu et al (2004) categorized a wide array of foods in terms of antioxidant capacity and concluded that most legume seeds ranked in the group with the highest activity (>2000 lmol Trolox equiv./serving). Cardador-Martínez, Loarca-Piñ a, and Oomah (2002) determined that common beans possess high antioxidant activity imparted mainly by phenolics, whereas Seneviratne and Harborne (1992) and Ha et al (2010) observed that seed coats of all Vigna species, including V. unguiculata, contained antioxidants such as procyanidins and prodelphinidin. Plant phenolics are present in the free, ester, and insoluble bound forms.…”