Identification and characterization of globin genes from two lepidopteran insects, Bombyx mori and Samia cynthia ricini

Kawaoka, Shinpei; Katsuma, Susumu; Meng, Yan; Hayashi, Nobuko; Mita, Kazuei; Shimada, Toru

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2008.11.004

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Therefore, the absence of a response in mean ROS production under the experimental conditions could be interpreted as an increase in ROS production, but removal of most of the ROS by cellular-level mechanisms before it had been reduced by the marker. Such mechanisms include the ROS scavengers superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and catalase [9][10][11], and possibly one or more globins that have also been implicated in ROS regulation [13,50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like other multi-cellular eukaryotes, insects employ several biochemical mechanisms to limit damage caused by ROS, including the enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and catalase [9][10][11] and, in some insects, globins have also been implicated in ROS regulation [12,13]. However, unlike many other organisms, insects have an invaginated, tracheal respiratory system, of which the finest branches reach deep into the tissues, delivering oxygen almost directly to the mitochondria [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactive oxygen species production and discontinuous gas exchange in insects

et al. 2011

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While biochemical mechanisms are typically used by animals to reduce oxidative damage, insects are suspected to employ a higher organizational level, discontinuous gas exchange mechanism to do so. Using a combination of real-time, flow-through respirometry and live-cell fluorescence microscopy, we show that spiracular control associated with the discontinuous gas exchange cycle (DGC) in Samia cynthia pupae is related to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hyperoxia fails to increase mean ROS production, although minima are elevated above normoxic levels. Furthermore, a negative relationship between mean _ V CO 2 and mean ROS production indicates that higher ROS production is generally associated with lower _ V CO 2 . Our results, therefore, suggest a possible signalling role for ROS in DGC, rather than supporting the idea that DGC acts to reduce oxidative damage by regulating ROS production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive oxygen species production and discontinuous gas exchange in insects

et al. 2011

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“…With the notable exception of the very large globin gene family of chironomids, which provides the midge larvae with huge amounts of extracellular globins for survival in hypoxic aquatic habitats, all other insect taxa studied so far on the genome sequence level have only one ( B. mori ), two ( A. mellifera, A. aegypti, A. gambiae ) or three ( Drosophila spec.) globin genes [9,12]. Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions based on globin amino acid sequence data have shown that Drosophila glob1 forms a clade with the globins of chironomids and the horse botfly G. intestinalis [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent discoveries of Hbs in insects include the honeybee Apis mellifera [10], the mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti [11], and other dipteran, lepidopteran, coleopteran and hymenopteran species [9,12]. The insect model organism Drosophila melanogaster was initially shown to possess an Hb gene named glob1 (CG9734) [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testes-specific hemoglobins in Drosophilaevolved by a combination of sub- and neofunctionalization after gene duplication

et al. 2012

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BackgroundFor a long time the presence of respiratory proteins in most insects has been considered unnecessary. However, in recent years it has become evident that globins belong to the standard repertoire of the insect genome. Like most other insect globins, the glob1 gene of Drosophila melanogaster displays a conserved expression pattern in the tracheae, the fat body and the Malpighian tubules.ResultsHere we show that the recently discovered D. melanogaster globin genes glob2 and glob3 both display an unusual male-specific expression in the reproductive tract during spermatogenesis. Both paralogs are transcribed at equivalent mRNA levels and largely overlap in their cellular expression patterns during spermatogenesis. Phylogenetic analyses showed that glob2 and glob3 reflect a gene duplication event that occurred in the ancestor of the Sophophora subgenus at least 40 million years ago. Therefore, flies of the Drosophila subgenus harbor only one glob2/3-like gene.ConclusionsPhylogenetic and sequence analyses indicate an evolution of the glob2 and glob3 duplicates by a combination of sub- and neofunctionalization. Considering their restricted, testes-specific expression, an involvement of both globins in alleviating oxidative stress during spermatogenesis is conceivable.

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“…Prominent examples are the aquatic larvae of chironomid midges, the horse botfly Gasterophilus intestinalis and the backswimmers Wawrowski et al, 2012;Weber and Vinogradov, 2001). However, commencing with the discovery of a typical globin gene in Drosophila melanogaster (Burmester and Hankeln, 1999), globins have been identified in insects that live in normoxic environments, such as the honeybee Apis mellifera (Hankeln et al, 2006), the mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti , and the lepidopterans Bombyx mori and Samia cynthia (Kawaoka et al, 2009). These findings led to the conclusion that globins actually belong to the standard repertoire of insects and have an essential role in insect physiology .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%