Identification and characterization of Salmonella typhi isolates from Southwest Sumba District, East Nusa Tenggara based on 16S rRNA gene sequences

Abstract

The incidence rate of typhoid fever in the Southwest Sumba District, East Nusa Tenggara was approximately about 725/100,000. In spite of such rate, there was not much known-yet about the molecular epidemiology of the disease. Thus, having accurate data and a strong discriminatory ability was crucial to scrutinize the molecular epidemiology of S. typhi with a molecular phylogenetic approach based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Sixteen isolates representative of S. typhi from different geographical regions in Southwest Sumba District along with the reference strain S. typhi NCTC 786 had been identified and characterized based on 16S rRNA gene sequences using PCR amplification and sequencing. The 16S rRNA sequences data were aligned with the corresponding available S. typhi sequences retrieved from the NCBI database by using CLUSTAL X software. Phylogenetic trees were generated with PHYLIP software package. Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicated that all the isolates belong to S. typhi species were suggested by their relativity with the type strain of S. typhi ATCC19430 T. It was also found that the isolates which belong to S. typhi species formed several different centers of diversity within the 16S rRNA gene tree. Each clade consisted of the strains from different geographical places in the District. Thus, to conclude the inquiry, there was evident inter-geographical spread of the strains and it tended to spread further into more remote areas in the District.

The Effect of Temperatures and pH on Bacteriocin Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strain Pr 4.3L From Peda Fish

“…Preparation of pathogenic bacteria. Three pathogenic bacteria consisting of Salmonella typhi BPE 122.4 CCA, was obtained from previous research collections [11] [12], Salmonella typhi NCTC 786, which was obtained from PT Biofarma, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was cultured in BHI broth (Merck) at 37ºC for 16-18 hours [3]. Meanwhile, the cells are harvested through a centrifugation process at a speed of 13.500 rpm for 15 minutes.…”

Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Papuan Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) with Potential as Probiotics and Antibacterials

“…The pathogenic bacteria used were Gram-positive, specifically Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. However, Salmonella typhi 122.4 CCA [15] and Salmonella typhi NCTC 786 obtained from PT. Biofarma were equally used.…”

Molecular analysis of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from cow meat in Yogyakarta, Indonesia using 16S rRNA gene

“…These methods are the most popular and reliable in differentiating DEC strain from those of non-pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, the phylogeny and taxonomy of bacteria can also be studied using 16S rRNA gene sequence as genetic markers (Fujioka et al 2009;Amarantini et al 2011;Botkin et al 2012;Fialho et al 2013;Suardana 2014). The gene sequence of 16S rRNA is used because 16S rRNA gene is found in almost all bacteria, 16S rRNA gene does not change its function over time, and 16S rRNA gene (1500 bp) is large enough for information purposes.…”

“…Characteristics of molecular targets from these methods allow the study of bacterial phylogenetic, both for bacteria detection or identification in clinical laboratories (Rahmani et al 2006;Amarantini et al 2011;Rinanda 2011;Suardana 2014;Ghazali and Rashid 2019). This research aims to study nucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA gene of pathogenic E. coli isolated from cow meat in Yogyakarta using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).…”