This study aims to obtain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which have probiotic properties and inhibitory effects against pathogens. Peda fish fermented in 20% salt solution used as samples. Antimicrobial properties of LAB isolates against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens (Salmonella typhi BPE 127.1.MC, Salmonella typhi BPE 122.4.CCA, Salmonella typhi NCTC 786, Salmonella typhimurium FNCC 0050, Pseudomonas putida FNCC 0071, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) were tested using agar well diffusion method. To exclude acid production, the cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) solution was neutralized using 1 N NaOH before antimicrobial activity was tested. Likewise with bacteriocin tests, CFCS solutions that have been neutralized, were treated first by heating at 100ºC for 10 minutes in order to enzyme inactivation. A total of 26 out of 50 LAB isolates showed clear zones in the MRS-CaCO3 agar medium, gram positive, and negative catalase as the main characteristics of LAB. Sixteen of the 26 LAB isolates were known to be tolerant to pH 2 and 1% of bile salts. In addition, 92.3% of LAB isolates (15 of 16 LAB isolates) were homofermentative. The antimicrobial test results found that two of 26 LAB isolates (i.e. LAB Pr.3.4L and Pi.5.8 isolates) were shown to have very strong inhibitory effects against gram-positive pathogens S. aureus ATCC 25923 compared to S. typhi BPE 122.4.CCA. Thus the two strains of LAB are indicated as bacteriocin-producing probiotic strains, and need to be pursued further for identification and optimization of production.

A feasibility study of prepubertal and over mature aged local goat in relation to results of In Vitro growth culture to obtain additional M-II oocyte resources AIP Conference Proceedings 1908, 020001 (2017)

No abstract

The incidence rate of typhoid fever in the Southwest Sumba District, East Nusa Tenggara was approximately about 725/100,000. In spite of such rate, there was not much known-yet about the molecular epidemiology of the disease. Thus, having accurate data and a strong discriminatory ability was crucial to scrutinize the molecular epidemiology of S. typhi with a molecular phylogenetic approach based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Sixteen isolates representative of S. typhi from different geographical regions in Southwest Sumba District along with the reference strain S. typhi NCTC 786 had been identified and characterized based on 16S rRNA gene sequences using PCR amplification and sequencing. The 16S rRNA sequences data were aligned with the corresponding available S. typhi sequences retrieved from the NCBI database by using CLUSTAL X software. Phylogenetic trees were generated with PHYLIP software package. Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicated that all the isolates belong to S. typhi species were suggested by their relativity with the type strain of S. typhi ATCC19430 T. It was also found that the isolates which belong to S. typhi species formed several different centers of diversity within the 16S rRNA gene tree. Each clade consisted of the strains from different geographical places in the District. Thus, to conclude the inquiry, there was evident inter-geographical spread of the strains and it tended to spread further into more remote areas in the District.

Abstract. Budiarso TY, Amarantini C, Pakpahan S. 2021. Biochemical identification and molecular characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from street foods and drinks in Yogyakarta, Indonesia using 16S rRNA gene. Biodiversitas 22: 5452-5458. Yogyakarta is best known as a student city in Indonesia. However, the fact that students spend almost full day in the school gave rise to the sale of a great variety of foods and drinks in its surrounding streets. Unfortunately, most street vendors do not pay attention to food hygiene. This study aims to identify the biochemical and molecular isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from street foods and drinks in Yogyakarta using 16S rRNA gene. Data were collected from 120 samples of street foods and drinks sold at schools and several public places. The samples were enumerated using CCA medium to isolate suspected Klebsiella spp. colonies, then physiologically screened and identified using the API-20E kit. Positive isolates were isolated and amplified using the 16S rRNA gene marker for sequencing, which was then compared with the GenBank database to establish molecular identity. The results of biochemical identification obtained 11 isolates confirmed as K. pneumoniae and 1 isolate as K. oxytoca. The phylogenetic analysis showed that only 10 isolates were determined as K. pneumoniae with the reference sequences of K. pneumoniae from infected patients' respiratory and urinary tract. Furthermore, 2 isolates identified as Citrobacter sp. and Micrococcus sp., which are contaminated with Klebsiella spp. were highly found in street foods and drinks. Therefore, hygiene and sanitation need to be implemented when processing and serving these foods.