Identification and compensation of error sources in the microbond test utilising a reliable high-throughput device

Laurikainen, Pekka; Kakkonen, Markus; Essen, Mathias von; Tanhuanpää, Olli; Kallio, Pasi; Sarlin, Essi

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2020.105988

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Also, a new batch of polymer melt was prepared for each fiber. High-throughput FIBRObond (Fibrobotics Oy, Tampere, Finland) [ 34 ] device was used for microbond measurements with a 1 N S-beam load cell and stainless steel sample holder. Testing was done in air at room temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Micromechanical testing is applied so that the failure mode and mechanism of the interphase can be monitored more closely and the effect of secondary artefacts, which may be present in macroscopic bulk material testing, such as fiber entanglement, can be eliminated from the results. For this, a high throughput microbond test system [ 34 ] was used to measure the IFSS of these nano-deposit decorated fibers. This test method was chosen over the more traditional fiber fragmentation test because fiber fragmentation test is unsuitable for aramid fibers due to their high-strain tensile failure mode [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One Surface Treatment, Multiple Possibilities: Broadening the Use-Potential of Para-Aramid Fibers with Mechanical Adhesion

et al. 2021

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Aramid fibers are high-strength and high-modulus technical fibers used in protective clothing, such as bulletproof vests and helmets, as well as in industrial applications, such as tires and brake pads. However, their full potential is not currently utilized due to adhesion problems to matrix materials. In this paper, we study how the introduction of mechanical adhesion between aramid fibers and matrix material the affects adhesion properties of the fiber in both thermoplastic and thermoset matrix. A microwave-induced surface modification method is used to create nanostructures to the fiber surface and a high throughput microbond method is used to determine changes in interfacial shear strength with an epoxy (EP) and a polypropylene (PP) matrix. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the surface morphology of the fibers and differences in failure mechanism at the fiber-matrix interface. We were able to increase interfacial shear strength (IFSS) by 82 and 358%, in EP and PP matrix, respectively, due to increased surface roughness and mechanical adhesion. Also, aging studies were conducted to confirm that no changes in the adhesion properties would occur over time.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Surface Treatment, Multiple Possibilities: Broadening the Use-Potential of Para-Aramid Fibers with Mechanical Adhesion

et al. 2021

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“…Here, the precise alignment of the slender (flexible) optical fibre is performed by a slight tension while fixing the optical fibre to its place on the holder basis. Figure 1b represents the new CBPM based filament holder and an integrated FBG sensor along the optical fibre; the arrangement in the FIBRObond tester 18 (Fibrobotics Oy, Finland) is illustrated as an operative application when using the new CBPM-FBG filament holder. The CBPM unit of an integral filament holder can be designed by using mathematical modelling (see the section of "Methods") with an approximate geometry.…”

Section: Cbpm Integration and Geometry Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An excellent agreement of R 2 ≻ 0.97 is observed for the glass/epoxy and carbon/epoxy samples whereas flax/epoxy samples exhibit R 2 ≻ 0.92 . Linearity in the failure load-embedded area typically is understood as high-quality MB testing in the current literature of MB testing 18 .…”

Section: Cbpm Integration and Geometry Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the small size, a displacement sensor for a micrometer-length scale interface cannot be fixed to the specimen but to the test machine structure-being prone to various lags and compliance 16,17 . The MB test is also prone to various sources of errors, such as load measurement, device optics and resin curing, which can lead to high scattering in test results 18 . Through the years, these drawbacks have prevented researchers from producing reliable interface data and highly optimized composite applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Microscale sensor solution for data collection from fibre-matrix interfaces

Dsouza

Antunes

Kakkonen

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Especially the applications of fibrous composites in miniature products, dental and other medical applications require accurate data of microscale mechanics. The characterization of adhesion between single filament and picoliter-scale polymer matrix usually relies on the experiments using so-called microbond (MB) testing. The traditional MB test systems provide unitary data output (i.e., converted force) which is enigmatic in resolving the fracture parameters of multi-mode interface cracks. As a fundamental basis, the momentary reaction force and respective local strain at the location of a non-ambiguous gradient are needed for a mechanical analysis. In this paper, a monolithic compliant based structure with an integrated Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor is developed and analysed. The stiffness of the compliant structure is estimated by using mathematical and finite element (FE) models. Qualification experiments are carried out to confirm the functional performance: MB testing of synthetic (carbon and glass) and natural (flax) single filaments are successfully performed. Quasi-static and dynamic analysis of the MB testing is carried out by using the FE method to interpret the response of the compliant structure. The developed strain-sensing CBPM-FBG holder shows excellent sensitivity during the MB tests for both synthetic and natural filaments, even at a low filament diameters as low as $$7\,\upmu \hbox {m}$$ 7 μ m , making the monolithic compliant structure the first instrument capable of force-strain data output for bonded filament-droplet specimens.

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Improved interfacial shear strength in carbon fiber/polyamide 6 composite via a novel two‐component waterborne polyurethane sizing agent

Liu

Sun

2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The rise of continuous carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) composites has put forward higher requirements for the tailoring of thermoplastic composite interphase. In this work, a novel two-component waterborne polyurethane (WPU) sizing agent was prepared to improve the interfacial strength of CF/PA6 composite. One of the components was carboxyl terminated polyurethane, the other one was blocked isocyanate. Both of the components were designed to react with the CF surface, as well as the matrix resin during composite fabrication. This sizing agent with excellent storage stability was homogeneously coated on CF surface, introducing abundant reactive groups and improving the CF surface energy remarkably. A linear regression method was applied to determine the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) from the micro-droplet test. Results showed that the IFSS of the WPU sized CF increased to 51.8 MPa, which was 22% and 47% higher than that of the unsized and epoxy-compatible sized CF, respectively. That value was also higher than that of the same materials reported in literature. This sizing agent provides a promising method for improving the interfacial strength of thermoplastic composites.

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Identification and compensation of error sources in the microbond test utilising a reliable high-throughput device

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

One Surface Treatment, Multiple Possibilities: Broadening the Use-Potential of Para-Aramid Fibers with Mechanical Adhesion

One Surface Treatment, Multiple Possibilities: Broadening the Use-Potential of Para-Aramid Fibers with Mechanical Adhesion

Microscale sensor solution for data collection from fibre-matrix interfaces

Improved interfacial shear strength in carbon fiber/polyamide 6 composite via a novel two‐component waterborne polyurethane sizing agent

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