Identification and Control of Electric Elasticity Limit for Electric-Spring-Based Flexible Loads

Zhang, Zhen; Xie, Cong; Tong, R.; Gao, Shuang

doi:10.1109/tii.2019.2900196

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is worth noting that V I,Sz I I,Ov is the apparent power delivered by the VSI under grid overvoltage and it is the same delivered under grid undervoltage. By equating (19) to (20) and normalizing the quantities, the sizing expression of C DC becomes…”

Section: C Dc and L F Sizing 1) Capacitor C Dcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sizing Procedure of Reactive Electric Spring

Buja

Castellan

Wang

2022

IEEE Open J. Ind. Electron. Soc.

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Reactive electric spring (RES) is a technique aimed at stabilizing the user voltage in presence of grid voltage variations by means of a user-encapsulated circuit. In spite of the numerous papers on the matter, no expressions are still available to size the RES elements. This paper fills this lack, by drawing up a sizing procedure of them. The procedure starts with a targeted investigation of the RES operation and exploits the outcomes to provide expressions for the values of the passive elements as well as for the voltage-current ratings of the voltage source inverter (VSI). The sizing expressions are formulated in normalized form to emphasize their dependence on the parameters of the user non-critical load. Focus of the sizing procedure is on the two RES key-elements, namely the AC-side capacitor and VSI but the AC filter inductor and the DC-side capacitor are also sized. Two options for sizing the AC-side capacitor are also discussed. At last, the study case of a user supplied by a low-voltage distribution line is considered and the sizing expressions are utilized to calculate the RES data. Experimental results, obtained by an on-purpose arranged hardwarein-the-loop (HIL) rig, validate the sizing procedure.

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Section: C Dc and L F Sizing 1) Capacitor C Dcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sizing Procedure of Reactive Electric Spring

Buja

Castellan

Wang

2022

IEEE Open J. Ind. Electron. Soc.

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“…Furthermore, shared drawbacks of linear PI controllers for ES1 are requiring a modulator, high switching frequency, noticeable overshoots and undershoots in both dc and ac sides, and steady-state tracking error of the generated voltage. In [16], a novel control technique based on the ES1 operational voltage range is also proposed. Nevertheless, this method is founded on instant modification of the ratio of available loads in a microgrid by a direct load on/off control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, regarding single-phase ES1 converter topologies, by far, two-level configurations have been mostly utilized [3]- [12], [14]- [16]. However, although these half/full-bridge-based ES1s require the least possible passive and active components in their structures, they have intrinsic topological disadvantages especially for higher power commercial and industrial applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model Predictive Current Control of Multilevel Smart Load Based on MPUC7 Converter

Kaymanesh¹,

Babaie

Chandra

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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Considering the poor power quality performance of a two-level capacitor-based electric spring (ES1), this article presents a high-power density multilevel ES1 configuration based on a seven-level modified packed U-cell converter (MPUC7-ES1). A novel control strategy based on finite control-set model predictive current control (FCS-MPCC) is also proposed for MPUC7-ES1 application. This algorithm is designed to predict the system behavior for all the conceivable switching vectors based on the discrete models of MPUC7-ES1 that is developed for the first time. To guarantee a desirable operation, the main control objectives are the MPUC7-ES1 current, auxiliary capacitors' voltages, and switching frequency reduction. Compared with the conventional ES1 control methods, the proposed strategy has key merits including considering the dynamic models of ES1 converter, not requiring a modulator, and lower switching frequency. The operation and robustness of MPUC7-ES1 and the introduced nonlinear FCS-MPCC technique are also illustrated through extensive simulation and experimental results.INDEX TERMS Electric spring, modified packed u-cell, MPUC7, multilevel converter, MPUC7-ES1, model predictive current control, power electronics, smart load.

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“…The ES's operation has limitations such as power consumption of critical load, non-critical load and their ratio to each other. Reference [9] has introduced an electric elasticity limit control system to overcome these limitations to some extent by adjusting the ratio of critical load to non-critical load. In [10], the droop control method has been proposed for parallel operation of the ESs distributed along a feeder to stabilize the power network through reactive power control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Control Method for Voltage Regulation and Harmonic Mitigation Using Electric Spring

2021

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An electric spring (ES) with series connection to non-critical loads (NCLs) is mainly known as a smart load (SL) technology that can compensate undervoltages and overvoltages. In this paper, an improved control method is presented for the electric spring to regulate the effective value of the critical load (CL) voltage to the nominal value and to compensate the harmonics of the critical load voltage caused by the grid side. The electric spring’s performance for simultaneous voltage magnitude regulation and harmonic distortion compensation is investigated through simulation studies. The results are compared with those of a conventional control scheme. It has been demonstrated that the electric spring, using the improved control system, reduces the amplitude deviation and distortion of critical load voltage.

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Identification and Control of Electric Elasticity Limit for Electric-Spring-Based Flexible Loads

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Sizing Procedure of Reactive Electric Spring

Sizing Procedure of Reactive Electric Spring

Model Predictive Current Control of Multilevel Smart Load Based on MPUC7 Converter

Improved Control Method for Voltage Regulation and Harmonic Mitigation Using Electric Spring

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