Identification and determination of inorganic anions in real extracts from pre- and post-blast residues by capillary electrophoresis

Capillary electrophoresis analysis of inorganic cations in post‐blast residue extracts applying a guanidinium‐based electrolyte and bilayer‐coated capillaries

“…This method had to be complementary to the IC method used by the laboratory of the Prefecture de Police of Paris for the analysis of cations in aqueous extracts from post-blast residues and was aimed to complete the previously published CE method for the analysis of the inorganic anions [19]. The method consisted in the CE separation and indirect UV detection of 19 anions with a chromate-based electrolyte.…”

Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis instrumentation for the analysis of explosives

“…Nevertheless, compared to the previous studies [11][12][13], significant advancements have been made and they are discussed according to the analytes of interest. As can be seen, most of the works have focused on the analysis of cations and anions, as some of them can be considered as marker ions (after an explosion) for the potential identification of inorganic salts contained in the explosives [19][20][21][22][24][25][26][27], and only one study was devoted to the analysis of carbohydrates. [23] Apart from the analysis of high-order explosives,28 studies have also focused on environmental analysis, with only few on forensic purposes.…”

“…[20] Sarazin et al also optimized three different CE-UV methods for the analysis of anions, cations and carbohydrates, including the species of interest for the analysis of post-blast residues from explosives and IEDs, and carried out comprehensive studies on matrix interferences. [21][22][23] The method for anions sought the applicability to most of the explosive samples in order to be used by the French security forces, thus a general method was proposed. Compared to the previous methods, this technique also involved the separation and identification of the ion azide, usually present in detonators.…”

“…Finally, pipe-bomb residues were analysed to quantify chloride and chlorate anions (16 and 30 mg L −1 , respectively), which authors claimed as possible chlorate salts used in the fabrication of the explosives, and also elevated concentrations of carbonate (26 mg L −1 ), present in explosives and also atmospheric contaminants. [21] Indirect UV at 190 nm was employed for cation analysis. In order to detect the cations, authors proposed a bilayer inside the capillary (with hexadimethrine bromide as the first layer and polyvinylsulfonic acid (as sodium salt) as the second layer).…”

Analysis of Botulinum Neurotoxin Detection by Mass Spectrometry in Forensic Samples

“…Examples of trace evidence are, not limited to, examinations of glass, fiber, paint, debris, gunshot residue (GSR), building material, inks, toners, fingerprint residue and among others [13][14][15][16][17]. A variety of analytical techniques, including use of UVvisible microspectrophotometry [18], Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with total attenuated reflectance (ATR) [19], Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) [20], scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersed X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) [21], inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) [22], atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) [23], scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) [24], atomic force microscopy (AFM) [25], confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) [26], gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GCMS) [27] capillary electrophoresis [28] (CE) , and laser inducedbreakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) [29], have been used to provide fundamental knowledge and insightful information for forensic cases. Photoacoustic spectroscopy is also used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of explosives, ink, paints, pigments and tissues [30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”