Identification and Expression of the Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) Gene Family in Capsicum annuum and Solanum tuberosum

Abstract

Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) proteins are essential transporters that extrude metabolites and participate in plant development and the detoxification of toxins. Little is known about the MATE gene family in the Solanaceae, which includes species that produce a broad range of specialized metabolites. Here, we identified and analyzed the complement of MATE genes in pepper (Capsicum annuum) and potato (Solanum tuberosum). We classified all MATE genes into five groups based on their phylogenetic relationships and their gene and protein structures. Moreover, we discovered that tandem duplication contributed significantly to the expansion of the pepper MATE family, while both tandem and segmental duplications contributed to the expansion of the potato MATE family, indicating that MATEs took distinct evolutionary paths in these two Solanaceous species. Analysis of ω values showed that all potato and pepper MATE genes experienced purifying selection during evolution. In addition, collinearity analysis showed that MATE genes were highly conserved between pepper and potato. Analysis of cis-elements in MATE promoters and MATE expression patterns revealed that MATE proteins likely function in many stages of plant development, especially during fruit ripening, and when exposed to multiple stresses, consistent with the existence of functional differentiation between duplicated MATE genes. Together, our results lay the foundation for further characterization of pepper and potato MATE gene family members.

Genome-Wide Identification of MATE Gene Family in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and Expression Analysis in Heavy Metal Stress

“…These results, combined with our research results, strongly support that the StMATE genes may be involved in the detoxification of cadmium ions. In particular, the expression level of CaMATE01/28 is upregulated under hormone stress conditions, and phylogenic analysis indicated that they are in the same evolutionary branch as AtDTX1 ( Chen Q. et al, 2020 ). It indicates that hormone cis -acting elements are essential for the MATE gene family to respond to adversity stress.…”

“…Many gene families have been identified and analyzed in potato, such as MYB gene family ( Sun et al, 2019 ), StGRAS ( Wang et al, 2019 ), heat shock proteins20 (Hsp20) ( Zhao et al, 2018 ), HMA ( He et al, 2020 ), ATP-binding cassette (ABC) ( He et al, 2021 ), and so on. Recently, Li et al (2019) and Chen Q. et al (2020) conducted a preliminary identification of the MATE gene family in potatoes. However, the research on the response of MATE protein to heavy metals in potato is rare.…”

Physiological responses and transcriptomic changes reveal the mechanisms underlying adaptation of Stylosanthes guianensis to phosphorus deficiency

“…Transporters responsible for organic acid transport, such as ALMT and MATE, have been well demonstrated to be participating in malate and citrate transport, respectively [52,53]. Divergent expression patterns of ALMTs or MATEs are found in plants response to abiotic stresses, such as salt and proton stresses, P deficiency and Al toxicity [53][54][55]. In this study, the up-regulation of MATE homologues probably results in increasing citrate exudation from stylo roots in response to P deficiency, which can be supported by the observation of citrate secreted from RY2 roots under P deficient condition [56].…”

Genome-wide identification of MATE family, and functional analysis of MATE involved in anthocyanin accumulation in Daucus carota

“…Salicylic acid (SA) was found to be involved in activating defense-associated genes in plants. Different concentrations (10,25,50, and 100 µM) of SA were added to the media to determine the optimum concentration for anthocyanin production. Application of SA into suspension culture resulted in signi cantly higher biomass production.…”