Identification and functional analysis of protein secreted by Alternaria solani

Wang, Chen; Wang, Jinhui; Zhang, Dai; Cheng, Jianing; Zhu, Jun‐Jie; Yang, Zhihui

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0281530

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Besides peptide effectors, Alternaria species can synthesise phytotoxic metabolites, such as AAL toxins and other host‐specific or host‐nonspecific toxins. Such toxins serve as chemical inhibition of defence compounds produced by the host or the induction of cell death (Wang et al, 2023). There is limited information on the specific role of toxins of A. solani in pathogen infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is limited information on the specific role of toxins of A. solani in pathogen infection. However, a recent study showed the effect of alternaric acid, a toxin of A. solani , on the hypersensitive response of potato to P. infestans (Wang et al, 2023). Besides deeper investigations in other host defence mechanisms, follow‐up studies on the identification of effectors or possible other small molecules that are responsible for PTI suppression by A. solani during infection of cultivated tomato plants could be of interest for further understanding of this host–pathogen interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Untargeted metabolomics reveals PTI‐associated metabolites

Muñoz Hoyos,

Anisha,

Meng

et al. 2024

Plant Cell & Environment

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Plants employ a multilayered immune system to combat pathogens. In one layer, recognition of Pathogen‐ or Microbe‐Associated Molecular Patterns or elicitors, triggers a cascade that leads to defence against the pathogen and Pattern Triggered Immunity. Secondary or specialised metabolites (SMs) are expected to play a role, because they are potentially anti‐fungal compounds. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants inoculated with Alternaria solani s.l. show symptoms of infection after inoculation. Plants inoculated with Alternaria alternata remain symptomless. We hypothesised that pattern‐triggered induction of resistance related metabolites in tomato contributes to the resistance against A. alternata. We compared the metabolomic profile (metabolome) of tomato after treatments with A. alternata, A. solani and the fungal elicitor chitin, and identified SMs involved in early defence of tomato plants. We revealed differential metabolome fingerprints. The composition of A. alternata and chitin induced metabolomes show larger overlap with each other than with the A. solani induced metabolome. We identify 65 metabolites possibly associated with PTI in tomato plants, including NAD and trigonelline. We confirm that trigonelline inhibits fungal growth in vitro at physiological concentrations. Thus, a true pattern‐triggered, chemical defence is mounted against A. alternata, which contains anti‐fungal compounds that could be interesting for crop protection strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untargeted metabolomics reveals PTI‐associated metabolites

Muñoz Hoyos,

Anisha,

Meng

et al. 2024

Plant Cell & Environment

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show abstract

“…Besides peptide effectors, Alternaria species can synthesize phytotoxic metabolites, such as AAL toxins and other host-specific or hostnonspecific toxins. Such toxins serve chemical inhibition of defence compounds produced by the host or the induction of cell death (Wang et al, 2023). There is limited information on the specific role of toxins of A. solani in pathogen infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is limited information on the specific role of toxins of A. solani in pathogen infection. However, a recent study showed the effect of alternaric acid, a toxin of A. solani, on the hypersensitive response of potato to P. infestans (Wang et al, 2023). Besides deeper investigations in other host defence mechanisms, follow-up studies on the identification of effectors or possible other small molecules that are responsible for PTI suppression by A. solani during infection of cultivated tomato plants could be of interest for further understanding of this host-pathogen interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untargeted metabolomics reveals PTI-associated metabolites in tomato

Hoyos

Wan

Meng

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Plants employ a multi-layered innate immune system to detect and fend off invading fungal pathogens. In one such layer, recognition of Pathogen- or Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns or elicitors, triggers a signaling cascade that leads to defence against the pathogen and ultimately Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI). Secondary Metabolites (SMs) are expected to play an important role in this kind of resistance, because they are potentially mycotoxic compounds. Tomato plants inoculated with Alternaria solani show clear symptoms of infection 5 days after inoculation. Whereas plants inoculated with Alternaria alternata remain symptomless. We hypothesized that pattern-triggered induction of resistance-related metabolites in Solanum lycopersicum contribute to the resistance against A. alternata, yet such SMs are suppressed in a compatible interaction. We compared the metabolomic profile (metabolome) of S. lycopersicum at two time points (3 and 24 hours) after treatments with A. alternata, A. solani and the fungal elicitor chitin and identified SMs that are involved in the early defence response of tomato plants. Our study revealed differential metabolome fingerprints and shows that the molecular composition of A. alternata and chitin-induced indeed show larger overlap with each other than with the A. solani-induced metabolome. We identify 65 candidate metabolites possibly associated with pattern-triggered resistance in tomato plants, including the alkaloid, trigonelline, for which we can confirm that it inhibits fungal growth in vitro when supplied at physiological concentrations. Our findings show that a true, pattern-triggered, chemical defence is mounted against A. alternata and that it contains mycotoxin compounds previously unidentified in tomato, that could be interesting for future crop protection strategies.

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“…Pathogenic effectors are small, secreted proteins produced by pathogenic microbes that manipulate host cell structures and functions to facilitate infection and trigger defence responses. of host senescence genes (Wang, Xiao, et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2023).…”

Section: Protein Aceous Effec Tor Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternaria diseases on potato and tomato

Schmey,

Tominello‐Ramirez,

Brune

et al. 2024

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Alternaria spp. cause different diseases in potato and tomato crops. Early blight caused by Alternaria solani and brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata are most common, but the disease complex is far more diverse. We first provide an overview of the Alternaria species infecting the two host plants to alleviate some of the confusion that arises from the taxonomic rearrangements in this fungal genus. Highlighting the diversity of Alternaria fungi on both solanaceous hosts, we review studies investigating the genetic diversity and genomes, before we present recent advances from studies elucidating host–pathogen interactions and fungicide resistances.TaxonomyKingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Class Dothideomycetes, Order Pleosporales, Family Pleosporaceae, Genus Alternaria.Biology and host rangeAlternaria spp. adopt diverse lifestyles. We specifically review Alternaria spp. that cause disease in the two solanaceous crops potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). They are necrotrophic pathogens with no known sexual stage, despite some signatures of recombination.Disease symptomsSymptoms of the early blight/brown spot disease complex include foliar lesions that first present as brown spots, depending on the species with characteristic concentric rings, which eventually lead to severe defoliation and considerable yield loss.ControlGood field hygiene can keep the disease pressure low. Some potato and tomato cultivars show differences in susceptibility, but there are no fully resistant varieties known. Therefore, the main control mechanism is treatment with fungicides.

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Identification and functional analysis of protein secreted by Alternaria solani

Cited by 8 publications

References 55 publications

Untargeted metabolomics reveals PTI‐associated metabolites

Untargeted metabolomics reveals PTI‐associated metabolites

Untargeted metabolomics reveals PTI-associated metabolites in tomato

Alternaria diseases on potato and tomato

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