Identification and Functional Profiling of Differentially Expressed Long Non-Coding RNAs in Nasal Mucosa with Allergic Rhinitis

Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proved to play important roles in a variety of human immune diseases. However, their pathological effects on the development of allergic rhinitis (AR) have not been clearly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the expression profile of lncRNAs in nasal mucosa of AR patients by lncRNA microarray and to predict potential roles of specific lncRNAs in the pathogenic mechanisms of AR by analysis of lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network, Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway. The lncRNA microarray analysis showed that a total of 2,259 lncRNAs (1,033 up-regulated and 1,226 down-regulated) and 704 mRNAs (157 up-regulated and 547 down-regulated) were significantly differentially expressed in the nasal mucosa samples from 4 AR patients as compared to those from 4 non-allergic subjects (fold change > 2; P < 0.05). In addition, the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network contained 143 network nodes including 76 lncRNAs and 67 mRNAs, in which 117 significant correlation pairs presented as positive, and 108 pairs presented as negative. The results from GO and pathway analysis indicated that the lncRNAs-coexpressed mRNAs were enriched in several biological processes and cellular signaling pathways related to AR development, such as positive regulation of interleukin-13 secretion, Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. To summary, our study provides important information on the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of these AR-related lncRNAs, which could be utilized for developing novel therapeutic strategies for AR.

Differential Expression of Long Noncoding RNAs and Their Function-Related mRNAs in the Peripheral Blood of Allergic Rhinitis Patients

“…3 According to some studies, numerous diseases are closely related to aberrantly expressed lncRNAs that affect the key mRNA expression and regulate related pathologic signaling pathways. 4 Therefore, the detection of the expression of lncRNAs might facilitate the diagnosis and prognosis of AR.…”

Identification of Susceptibility Genes to Allergic Rhinitis by Gene Expression Data Sets

“…There were ~ 400 million people who have AR in the Asia‐Pacific area, which had a tremendous influence on quality of life, performance at school, and in the workplace and caused a huge socio‐economic burden, thus, more understanding on AR diagnosis, epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention is urgently needed . At present, the factors that negatively impact nasal conditioning in patients with AR have not been systematically evaluated, with accumulating studies highlighting the roles of microRNAs as well as long non‐coding RNAs in the disease pathology from a gene expression regulation perspective. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of AR, the current study was set out through the use of WGCNA to identify gene modules associated with progression of AR.…”

“…AR has been linked with diminished quality of life, reduced sleep quality, and cognitive function, as well as heightened irritability and fatigue . Although valiant efforts have been made to alleviate the symptoms of AR as well as to identify the finer molecular mechanisms associated with its pathological changes of the nasal mucosa, the treatment of AR remains a challenging task, highlighting the importance of identifying the key molecular and genetic entities that trigger AR pathologies, which may ultimately lead us to discover new targets for the treatment of AR . More recently, genes that regulate immune responses have been shown to contribute to the increased risk of AR, with the relationship among AR, TLR4 , and CD14 implicated in the occurrence of AR .…”

Long non-coding RNA antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus expression correlates with increased disease risk, severity, and inflammation of allergic rhinitis

“…[4,5] Accumulating studies reveal that lncRNA is implicated in pathological processes of various diseases, including AR. [6,7] In a recent study, 150 dysregulated lncRNAs are identified in mice model of AR compared with normal controls (NCs), and further analysis reveals that FR022494, FR255904, and FR169472 are significantly upregulated while FR288904, FR285768, and FR301516 are significantly downregulated in mice model of AR. [7] Another study discovered 1033 upregulated lncRNAs and 1226 downregulated lncRNAs in AR patients compared with NCs by microarray, and these dysregulated lncRNAs are mostly enriched in positive regulation of interleukin-13 secretion, Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, and NF-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway.…”

“…[7] Another study discovered 1033 upregulated lncRNAs and 1226 downregulated lncRNAs in AR patients compared with NCs by microarray, and these dysregulated lncRNAs are mostly enriched in positive regulation of interleukin-13 secretion, Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, and NF-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. [6] Despite these findings, no specific lncRNA is reported to be associated with AR inflammatory responses until now.…”