Identification and molecular characterization of adenovirus types (HAdV‐8, HAdV‐37, HAdV‐4, HAdV‐3) in an epidemic of keratoconjunctivitis occurred in Pune, Maharashtra, Western India

Abstract

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is a highly contagious infectious disease of the ocular surface and is caused mainly due to adenoviruses species D, B, and E. The present study was carried out to identify and characterize the viral etiological agents associated with the keratoconjunctivitis cases reported from Pune (Maharashtra), Western India between November–December 2013 and January, October–November 2014. Conjunctival swab specimens (n = 23) obtained from keratoconjunctivitis patients were subjected to detection of Adenovirus (AdV) and Enterovirus (EV) by PCR/RT‐PCR using hexon and 5′ NCR gene specific primers, respectively. Molecular typing of AdV and EV positive specimens was carried out by amplifying penton, fiber, and VP1 genes, respectively followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. In this study, human adenovirus (HAdV) was identified as an etiological agent. None of the clinical specimens were found positive for enterovirus. AdV positivity in keratoconjunctivitis cases was found to be 60.9% (14/23). Fourteen of the HAdV positive strains, all of them were amplified by hexon gene, nine strains by fiber gene, and all 14 strains by penton gene specific primers. Sequencing of all HAdV positive samples revealed the presence of HAdV‐8, HAdV‐37, HAdV‐3, and HAdV‐4. All Indian strains showed highest nucleotide identity with the reference strains reported worldwide. The study revealed the circulation of HAdV‐8 (78.6%) as predominant AdV strain followed by HAdV‐37, HAdV‐3, and HAdV‐4 (7.2%) identified in the epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Multiple types of AdVs in EKC reported for the first time in Western India. J. Med. Virol. 88:2100–2105, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Human mastadenovirus-B (HAdV-B)-specific E3-CR1β and E3-CR1γ glycoproteins interact with each other and localize at the plasma membrane of non-polarized airway epithelial cells

“…HAdV-B comprises two subspecies, B1 and B2. In immunocompetent individuals members of subspecies HAdV-B1 and in particular types 3 and 7 are causative agents of acute respiratory disease (ARD) of variable severity (Brown et al, 1973;Chen et al, 2015;Cui et al, 2015;Hage et al, 2014;Kajon and Ison, 2016;Lin et al, 2015;Siminovich and Murtagh, 2011;Wo et al, 2015;Yamamoto et al, 2014) and also of conjunctivitis (Gopalkrishna et al, 2016;Guo et al, 1988;Martone et al, 1980). With the exception of types 14 and 55 which have been recently described as re-emerging pathogens associated with large community outbreaks of severe ARD (Cheng et al, 2018;Kajon et al, 2010Kajon et al, , 2019Walsh et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2017) members of subspecies HAdV-B2 are more often detected in transplant recipients and other immunocompromised patients (Echavarria, 2008;Hofland et al, 2004;Keller et al, 1977;Stalder et al, 1977).…”

An Outbreak of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis Caused by Human Adenovirus Type 8 in Primary School, Southwest China

“…More than 10 types of HAdV involved common ocular infections, among which 7,8,11,14,19,22,37,42,48,53,54,56, and 64 are associated with acute conjunctivitis. Of these, HAdV-8, -19 and -37 cause a more severe form of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis [5,[7][8][9][13][14][15][16][17]. In addition, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis [18][19][20] is caused by enterovirus type 70, human coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v), and HAdV-11.…”

An Outbreak of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis Caused by Human Adenovirus Type 8 in Primary School, Southwest China

“…More than 10 types of HAdV involved common ocular infections, among which 7,8,11,14,19,22,37,42,48,53,54, 56, and 64 are associated with acute conjunctivitis. Of these, HAdV-8, -19 and -37 cause a more severe form of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) [5,7,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In addition, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) [20][21][22] is caused by enterovirus type 70, human coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v), and HAdV-11.…”