Identification and regulation of host genes related to Rice stripe virus symptom production

Abstract

SummaryViral infections cause plant chlorosis, stunting, necrosis or other symptoms. The down-regulation of chloroplast-related genes (ChRGs) is assumed to be responsible for chlorosis.We identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Rice stripe virus (RSV)-infected Nicotiana benthamiana, and examined the contribution of 75 down-regulated DEGs to RSV symptoms by silencing them one by one using Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-induced gene silencing.Silencing of 11 of the 75 down-regulated DEGs caused plant chlorosis, and nine of the 11 were ChRGs. Silencing of a down-regulated DEG encoding the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) caused leaf-twisting and stunting that were visible on RSV-infected N. benthamiana. A region of RSV RNA4 was complementary to part of eIF4A mRNA and virus-derived small interfering (vsiRNAs) from that region were present in infected N. benthamiana. When expressed as artificial microRNAs, those vsiRNAs could target NbeIF4A mRNA for regulation.We provide experimental evidence supporting the association of ChRGs with chlorosis and show that eIF4A is involved in RSV symptom development. This is also the first report demonstrating that siRNA derived directly from a plant virus can target a host gene for regulation.

Jasmonic acid‐mediated defense suppresses brassinosteroid‐mediated susceptibility to Rice black streaked dwarf virus infection in rice

“…Among these DEGs, chloroplast‐ and photosynthesis‐related genes were overrepresented. Several studies have reported that chloroplast‐related or photosynthesis genes are significantly changed during plant virus infection, and that the abnormal expression of these genesis is directly related to symptom development in plant leaves (Bhat et al ., ; Cheng et al ., ; Reuveni et al ., ; Shi et al ., ). As shown in Table S4, photosynthesis‐related antenna proteins, Chl a‐b binding protein and carbon fixation were markedly down‐regulated after virus infection.…”

Inducible transgenic tobacco system to study the mechanisms underlying chlorosis mediated by the silencing of chloroplast heat shock protein 90

“…The downregulation of CHLI protein, which is involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, leads to the loss of chlorophyll production and severer chlorosis in a host-specific manner, which is dependent on the CHLI gene sequence [26,27]. Besides the chlorosis, leaf twisting symptom has been attributed to the v-siRNA-mediated silencing of eIF4A in RSV-infected N. benthamiana [25].…”

Different Virus-Derived siRNAs Profiles between Leaves and Fruits in Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus-Infected Lagenaria siceraria Plants

“…The first report of this phenomenon was the targeting of the chlorophyll biosynthetic gene (CHLI) of Nicotiana by siRNAs derived from CMV Y-satellite, resulting in the yellowing of the plant (Shimura et al, 2011; Smith et al, 2011). It has also recently been shown that the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) of Nicotiana benthamiana can be targeted by siRNA derived from Rice stripe virus (RSV), resulting in leaf-twisting and stunting (Shi et al, 2016). These results indicate the complicated function of vsiRNAs during virus-host interaction.…”