“…These nonlinear factors introduce several problems, such as tracking errors, limit cycles and poor stick-slip motion. In order to address these issues, various control schemes are proposed to control the position of the EMA system, including PID control algorithms [4,5,6,7],fuzzy control [8,9], intelligent algorithms [10], sliding mode control [11,12,13], the ADRC algorithm [14], robust control [15], active control [16], model-based prognostic algorithms [17], and compensation control [18,19,20]. Among these algorithms, PID is the most widely used because of its simplicity and reliability, though it suffers from poor robustness and weak anti-interference ability.…”