Identification and toxicological evaluation of chlorinated dibenzofuran and chlorinated naphthalene in two commercial polychlorinated biphenyls

Vos, J.G.; Koeman, J.H.; Maas, Hiltje; Brauw, M.C. ten Noever de; Vos, R.H. de

doi:10.1016/s0015-6264(70)80451-5

Cited by 272 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Although hydropericardium was found in varying degrees by many of the authors cited, it was found only rarely in the present study. Vos and Koeman (13) found that Phenoclor DP 6 and Clophen A60 caused much more liver necrosis and hydropericardium than Aroclor 1260; this was probably due to contaminants (25).…”

Section: Histopathologic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Their Effects on Penned Pheasants

Dahlgren¹,

Linder²,

Carlson³

1972

Environ Health Perspect

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Section: Histopathologic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Their Effects on Penned Pheasants

Dahlgren¹,

Linder²,

Carlson³

1972

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Operating conditions were as follows: source temperature, 290°C; rhenium filament, 1.0 mA trap current; ionizing voltage, 70 eV; accelerating voltage, 8 kV; electron multiplier, 700; internal mass marker, perfurotributylamine (PFA); high resolution (9000) with peak scanning at 4 scans/sec and signal averaging (Varian TAC 1024 signal averaging computer); low resolution (1000) spectra were obtained with an oscillographic recorder and later converted to bar chart format by means of a PDP 8 computer.…”

Section: Direct Probe Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) have been identified as contaminants in a number of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) preparations (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). The PCDF compounds have also been found in PCB contaminated rice oil, the source of a severe outbreak of human illness (Yusho disease) in Japan in 1968 (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of brominated dibenzofurans from pyrolysis of the polybrominated biphenyl fire retardant, firemaster FF-1.

O’Keefe¹

1978

Environ Health Perspect

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The polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) fire retardant, FireMaster FF-1, was pyrolyzed for 20 min at 380400'C in open glass tubes and in tubes sealed after nitrogen flushing. The pyrolyzed residue was extracted with benzene, and extracts were cleaned up on columns of graphite (Carbopack A) and alumina. Analysis was carried out by low resolution direct probe mass spectrometry (MS). Spectra from extracts of the open tube pyrolyzed material had a series of ions characteristic of tetra-and pentabrominated dibenzofurans as evidenced by comparison with spectra from 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzofuran (TBDF). Confirmatory evidence for the brominated dibenzofurans was obtained by high resolution MS dual ion analysis of certain fragment and molecular ions. Recovery values of TBDF through the cleanup procedure averaged 50%o and, using this recovery value and TBDF as an external standard, dual ion analyses indicated that 40 ppm tetra-and 4 ppm pentabrominated dibenzofuran were produced based on the PBB level used in the pyrolysis experiments. Additional analysis of the open tube pyrolyzed material by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry provided evidence that there was one tetrabromodibenzofuran compound with a retention time equal to that of TBDF.Trace levels (< 1 ppm) of the molecular ion of tetrabrominated dibenzofuran were found after analysis by low resolution MS of the PBB pyrolyzed under nitrogen in sealed tubes. The experimental evidence is consistent with a mechanism for brominated dibenzofuran formation involving attack of oxygen on PBB compounds.

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“…In the subsequent study (12) by means of column and gas-chromatography the presence of relatively more polar compounds was demonstrated in the 25% diethylether fraction of samples I and II. In a chick embryo assay (Table 2), the difference in toxicity between the three samples was confirmed; the high toxicity of the 25% diethylether fraction of sample II is demonstrated by the similarity between the mortality levels in the group injected with 3.5 sample II/ egg and the group injected with the 25% diethylether fraction from 3.5 mg sample II/egg.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Toxicology of PCBs for Mammals and for Birds

Vos¹

1972

Environmental Health Perspectives

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IntroductonIn the early days of its use, little work was done on the toxicology of the PCBs, and this was only in relation to the risks of occupational exposure. As will be shown many more studies were made as soon as it appeared that the extremely stable PCB's became a threat to the environment and its wildlife, and accidents occurred of acute poisoning in man and animals. These studies have been made with material with different contents of chlorine, from different manufacture, and-as we can now say in retrospect-with different and unknown contents of toxic impurities. For this reason the toxicological information of PCB's is difficult to summarize, but since the character of some important impurities has recently been elucidated, it is well to discuss these first in order to be able to consider their contribution to the overall toxicity of the different preparations studied.These studies were started because of the analogy between the effects of the PCBs (1-6) and some toxic effects associated with toxic factors in crude chlorophenols and in "toxic fat". Effects of the latter are liver damage (7), chloracne (7,8) and edema formation (9).

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Identification and toxicological evaluation of chlorinated dibenzofuran and chlorinated naphthalene in two commercial polychlorinated biphenyls

Cited by 272 publications

References 15 publications

Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Their Effects on Penned Pheasants

Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Their Effects on Penned Pheasants

Formation of brominated dibenzofurans from pyrolysis of the polybrominated biphenyl fire retardant, firemaster FF-1.

Toxicology of PCBs for Mammals and for Birds

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