Identification of a Cluster of Strains Bearing a New Adhesin among Genetically Diverse Enterotoxigenic
            <i>Escherichia coli</i>
            Isolates of Serogroup O20

Pichel, Mariana; Binsztein, Norma; Gutkind, Gabriel; Viboud, Gloria I.

doi:10.1128/jcm.39.2.782-786.2001

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…Additionally, we employed random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis as a second typing technique. This methodology has been used in genetic diversity analysis of different bacterial species, including Escherichia coli (22,23,25) and V. cholerae (19,28).…”

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Genetic Diversity of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Argentina and Emergence of a New Variant

et al. 2003

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The genetic diversity of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains from Argentina was estimated by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Twenty-nine isolates carrying the virulence genes ctxA, zot, ace, and tcpA appeared to represent a single clone by both typing methods; while 11 strains lacking these virulence genes exhibited several heterogeneous RAPD and PFGE patterns. Among the last group, a set of isolates from the province Tucumán showed a single RAPD pattern and four closely related PFGE profiles. These strains, isolated from patients with diarrhea, did not produce the major V. cholerae O1 virulence determinants, yet cell supernatants of these isolates caused a heat-labile cytotoxic effect on Vero and Y-1 cells and elicited significant variations on the water flux and short-circuit current in human small intestine mounted in an Ussing chamber. All these effects were completely abolished by incubation with a specific antiserum against El Tor hemolysin, suggesting that this virulence factor was responsible for the toxic activity on both the epithelial cells and the small intestine specimens and may hence be involved in the development of diarrhea. We propose "Tucumán variant" as the designation for this new cluster of cholera toxin-negative V. cholerae O1 strains.Cholera reemerged in Latin America after being absent from the continent for around 100 years. The first case occurred in Peru in 1991 and was caused by a Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor strain that soon spread to the rest of Latin America at the rate of one country a month (4). The disease appeared in Argentina in February 1992 and has caused seven epidemic outbreaks since then. Several studies have demonstrated that a single clone was responsible for the Latin America epidemic (3,26,34). However, this strain appears to have undergone genetic changes in Peru throughout the years (9), and a second strain has been associated with cholera cases occurring in Mexico and Central America (10). Among the different typing techniques, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has proved to be highly discriminatory for the analysis of V. cholerae O1 and O139 genetic diversity. This method has been successfully used for molecular epidemiology surveillance in monitoring the dissemination of this pathogen and the emergence of new epidemic clones (1,3,9,10,27). Therefore, in this study we applied PFGE to the study of human and environmental V. cholerae O1 isolates referred to our laboratory from different regions of Argentina during the seven epidemic outbreaks. Additionally, we employed random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis as a second typing technique. This methodology has been used in genetic diversity analysis of different bacterial species, including Escherichia coli (22, 23, 25) and V. cholerae (19, 28).The major virulence determinants normally found in epidemic V. cholerae O1 strains are the potent enterotoxin cholera toxin (CT), the colonization factor toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), and the regulatory ...

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Genetic Diversity of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Argentina and Emergence of a New Variant

et al. 2003

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A systematic review of ETEC epidemiology focusing on colonization factor and toxin expression

Isidean

Riddle

Savarino

et al. 2011

Vaccine

244

186

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Pathogenesis of Human Enterovirulent Bacteria: Lessons from Cultured, Fully Differentiated Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines

Moal

Servin

2013

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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SUMMARY Hosts are protected from attack by potentially harmful enteric microorganisms, viruses, and parasites by the polarized fully differentiated epithelial cells that make up the epithelium, providing a physical and functional barrier. Enterovirulent bacteria interact with the epithelial polarized cells lining the intestinal barrier, and some invade the cells. A better understanding of the cross talk between enterovirulent bacteria and the polarized intestinal cells has resulted in the identification of essential enterovirulent bacterial structures and virulence gene products playing pivotal roles in pathogenesis. Cultured animal cell lines and cultured human nonintestinal, undifferentiated epithelial cells have been extensively used for understanding the mechanisms by which some human enterovirulent bacteria induce intestinal disorders. Human colon carcinoma cell lines which are able to express in culture the functional and structural characteristics of mature enterocytes and goblet cells have been established, mimicking structurally and functionally an intestinal epithelial barrier. Moreover, Caco-2-derived M-like cells have been established, mimicking the bacterial capture property of M cells of Peyer's patches. This review intends to analyze the cellular and molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of human enterovirulent bacteria observed in infected cultured human colon carcinoma enterocyte-like HT-29 subpopulations, enterocyte-like Caco-2 and clone cells, the colonic T84 cell line, HT-29 mucus-secreting cell subpopulations, and Caco-2-derived M-like cells, including cell association, cell entry, intracellular lifestyle, structural lesions at the brush border, functional lesions in enterocytes and goblet cells, functional and structural lesions at the junctional domain, and host cellular defense responses.

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Identification of a Cluster of Strains Bearing a New Adhesin among Genetically Diverse Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Isolates of Serogroup O20

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Genetic Diversity of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Argentina and Emergence of a New Variant

Genetic Diversity of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Argentina and Emergence of a New Variant

A systematic review of ETEC epidemiology focusing on colonization factor and toxin expression

Pathogenesis of Human Enterovirulent Bacteria: Lessons from Cultured, Fully Differentiated Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines

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