Identification of a functional peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) response element (PPRE) in the human apolipoprotein A-IV gene

Regulation of Breast Cancer Resistant Protein by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α in Human Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cells

“…The sonicated chromatin was diluted twofold in lysis buffer (Affymetrix); 600 l of diluted sample per immunoprecipitation was used. After 1-h preclearing with protein A agarose beads (50 l/IP), 10 g of specific anti-PPAR␣ antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc.), previously validated in ChIP assays (Nagasawa et al, 2009), was added for overnight incubation. In parallel, a no-antibody sample was run as control.…”

Apolipoprotein A-IV: a protein intimately involved in metabolism

“…Whether or not this holds true for human liver expression is not known. Hepatic apoA-IV expression was thought to be rodent specifi c but its presence in human liver and several human hepatocyte cell lines has been documented ( 45,46 ), and most DNA response elements are similar between the species. Some uncertainty arises because hepatocyte cell lines do not adequately refl ect in vivo conditions.…”

“…Some uncertainty arises because hepatocyte cell lines do not adequately refl ect in vivo conditions. Conversely human liver samples from subjects in various metabolic states have not been tested, and current literature indicates that apoA-IV expression is very responsive to energy balance in the intestine, liver, and brain in rodents ( 42,45,46 ).…”

“…Estrogen related receptor-␣ (ERR-␣ ) has been shown to regulate APOA4 , however this appears to act through the closely linked APOC3 promoter/enhancer region ( 49 ). A PPAR-␣ response element was also demonstrated ‫ف‬ 3 kb upstream of APOA4 and was shown to activate the gene in HepG2 cells ( 46 ). Whether it also functions in vivo is not known, and it is possible that it is primarily involved in APOC3 regulation.…”

Protein markers for external genital endometriosis

“…Апо-АIV явля-ется основным структурным компонентом ЛПВП, обла-дающих противовоспалительными свойствами [14,15]. Аполипопротеин A-IV оказывает антиоксидантное дей-ствие за счет ингибирования перекисного окисления ли-пидов [16], сопровождающее развитие данной патологии.…”