Identification of a new strain of fastidious enterovirus 70 as the causative agent of an outbreak of hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

Shulman, Lester M.; Manor, Yossi; Azar, Roberto; Handsher, Rachel; Vonsover, Ami; Mendelson, Ella; Rothman, Sara W.; Hassin, David; Halmut, T.; Abramovitz, B.; Varsano, Noemi

doi:10.1128/jcm.35.8.2145-2149.1997

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Unlike the majority of human enteroviruses, EV70 apparently does not replicate in the enteric tract but rather is primarily associated with an infection of the eye commonly referred to as acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) (for a review, see reference 49). Since the emergence of the virus in western Africa in 1969, it has been responsible for two pandemics and numerous smaller outbreaks and has been implicated in roughly 100 million cases of AHC; most recently, occurrences have been reported in India (24,47), Japan (44), and Israel (38). In rare instances, a neurological illness that resembles acute poliomyelitis follows, usually within several weeks of the onset of the conjunctivitis (13), suggesting that the tissue tropism of EV70 also includes the central nervous system (CNS).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sialic Acid Functions in Enterovirus 70 Binding and Infection

Alexander

Dimock

2002

J Virol

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The interaction of viruses with host cell receptors is the initial step in viral infection and is an important determinant of virus host range, tissue tropism, and pathogenesis. The complement regulatory protein decayaccelerating factor (DAF/CD55) is an attachment receptor for enterovirus 70 (EV70), a member of the Picornaviridae, commonly associated with an eye infection in humans known as acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. In early work, the EV70 receptor on erythrocytes, responsible for its hemagglutinating activity, was shown to be sensitive to neuraminidase, implying an essential role for sialic acid in virus attachment. Here, we extend these results to show that cell surface sialic acid is required for EV70 binding to nucleated cells susceptible to virus infection and that sialic acid binding is important in productive infection. Through the use of site-directed mutagenesis to eliminate the single N-linked glycosylation site of DAF and of a chimeric receptor protein in which the O-glycosylated domain of DAF was replaced by a region of the HLA-B44 molecule, a role in EV70 binding for the sialic acid residues of DAF was excluded, suggesting the existence of at least one additional, sialylated EV70-binding factor at the cell surface. Treatment of cells with metabolic inhibitors of glycosylation excluded a role for the N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins but suggested that O-linked glycosylation is important for EV70 binding.Enterovirus 70 (EV70) is an unusual human pathogen of the Enterovirus genus of the family Picornaviridae. Unlike the majority of human enteroviruses, EV70 apparently does not replicate in the enteric tract but rather is primarily associated with an infection of the eye commonly referred to as acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) (for a review, see reference 49). Since the emergence of the virus in western Africa in 1969, it has been responsible for two pandemics and numerous smaller outbreaks and has been implicated in roughly 100 million cases of AHC; most recently, occurrences have been reported in India (24, 47), Japan (44), and Israel (38). In rare instances, a neurological illness that resembles acute poliomyelitis follows, usually within several weeks of the onset of the conjunctivitis (13), suggesting that the tissue tropism of EV70 also includes the central nervous system (CNS). It has also been observed that, whereas the majority of human enteroviruses are restricted in vitro to replication in cells of human or primate origin, EV70 replicates with various efficiencies in cells derived from a wide variety of mammalian species (50).The first step in a viral infection is the binding of the virus to a specific cell surface receptor. This step is often an important determinant of virus host range, tissue tropism, and pathogenesis (for a review see reference 34) and may contribute to the molecular basis for the unusual tissue tropism and host range of EV70. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that EV70 binds to the complement control protein decay-accelerating factor (D...

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confidence: 99%

Sialic Acid Functions in Enterovirus 70 Binding and Infection

Alexander

Dimock

2002

J Virol

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“…Electron-microscopic examination of the muscle did not show signs of muscle bres' being affected and the ultrastructure of the vessels was maintained. Viral RNA, prepared by the guanidinium isothiocyanate method from 10 g of muscle sample, was reverse transcribed and then ampli ed by PCR with generic nested pairs of primers (5' CAA GCA CTT CTG TTT CCC CGG 3' and 5' ATT GTC ACC ATA AGC AGC A 3'), as described previously (6). The nested primers recognize sequences of the 5'-non-coding region.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A negative PCR for herpes viruses demonstrated the speci city of the reaction. Puri ed cDNA was then sequenced on an Applied Biosystems model 373 DNA Automatic Sequencing System (Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science), followed by sequence determination, as described previously (6). The 5'-non-coding sequence obtained was most closely related (99.7% homology) to a local strain of coxsackie virus type A21 (Genebank accession no.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternative methods of identi cation are transmission electron microscopy and ampli cation of viral nucleic acids with common primers. Sequence analysis of the reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) ampli ed products allows for the identi cation of virus type and strain (6). This report describes an atypical case presentation of local thigh swelling simulating a neoplastic disease, diffuse muscle oedema and the detection of a local strain of coxsackie virus type A21 in the muscle tissue using molecular diagnostic techniques.…”

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Localized thigh swelling mimicking a neoplastic process: involvement of coxsackie virus type A21

et al. 2002

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Dekel B, Yoeli R, Shulman L, Padeh S, Passwell JH. Localized thigh swelling mimicking a neoplastic process: involvement of coxsackie virus type A21. Acta P~diatr 2002; 91: 357-359. Stockholm. ISSN 0803-5253A 4-y-old girl was admitted because of a left leg limp with an isolated swollen upper thigh and normal muscle enzymes. A radioisotope scan showed increased uptake especially in the bone and soft tissue of the left thigh, while magnetic resonance imaging of that region demonstrated widespread oedema in striated muscle. On muscle biopsy perivascular in ltrates were demonstrated but muscle bres were not shown to be affected. Sequence analysis of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ampli ed fragments from the 5'-non-coding region of human enteroviruses identi ed a local strain of coxsackie virus A21 in the muscle. Clinical symptomatology subsided with oral steroids. Conclusion:Local swelling mimicking a neoplasm may be related to infestation of coxsackie virus in muscle tissue.

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“…It can also have an allergic origin and it is difficult to differentiate between the different aetiologies clinically, without detection of the causative agent. [Darougar et al, 1978;Shulman et al, 1997;Madhavan, 1999;Marangon et al, 2007;Aoki et al, 2011;Tavares et al, 2011;Ghebremedhin, 2014;Segal et al, 2014].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection and characterization through analysis of the hexon and fiber genes of Adenoviruses causing conjunctivitis in Tunisia, North Africa

Fedaoui

Ayed²,

Yahia

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Virology

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Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are common causes of conjunctivitis. This study describes the epidemiological features and characterizes by phylogenetic analysis HAdVs isolated from patients with conjunctivitis in Tunisia, North Africa. Data on out-patients presenting with conjunctivitis during 2 years (2012-2013) were analyzed. Conjunctival swabs obtained from 240 patients were assessed for the presence of HAdVs by PCR amplification on the fiber and hexon genes. Positive PCR products, together with those of nine viral isolates from previous years, were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically. Conjunctivitis represented 11.5% of all reasons of consultations with a slight increase between mid-March and mid-June. Sixty-five percent of samples (n = 156) revealed positive by at least one PCR test. PCR amplification in the hexon gene was slightly more sensitive as compared to the fiber gene. Genotyping in the two genomic regions gave concordant results for almost all isolates. HAdV-D8 was the most predominant genotype (87.6%) and was detected continuously from 2000 to 2013. Minor co-circulating genotypes including HAdV-E4, HAdV-B3, HAdV-B55, and HAdV-D37 were identified; most of them were detected by amplification in the hexon gene. In conclusion, this work reports molecular data on adenoviral conjunctivitis from a region where such information is scarce and contributes to a better knowledge of the worldwide distribution of causative genotypes. It revealed a predominance and endemic circulation of HAdV-D8, a genotype that was mainly reported from epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. It shows that PCR amplification in two different genomic regions enhances the sensitivity of HAdV detection in clinical samples and the identification of minor genotypes. J. Med. Virol. 89:304-312, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Identification of a new strain of fastidious enterovirus 70 as the causative agent of an outbreak of hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

Cited by 30 publications

References 9 publications

Sialic Acid Functions in Enterovirus 70 Binding and Infection

Sialic Acid Functions in Enterovirus 70 Binding and Infection

Localized thigh swelling mimicking a neoplastic process: involvement of coxsackie virus type A21

Molecular detection and characterization through analysis of the hexon and fiber genes of Adenoviruses causing conjunctivitis in Tunisia, North Africa

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