Identification of a New VP4 Serotype of Human Rotaviruses

G8Rotavirus Strains Isolated in the Democratic Republic of Congo Belong to the DS-1-Like Genogroup

“…A phylogenetic tree that includes the complete VP4 amino acid sequences of our DRC88 and DRC86 strains and all known P types (except for P [22], P [23], and P [25], because no complete sequence data were available) was constructed (Fig. 1C).…”

“…By far, the most G8 HRVs were found all over the African continent (Malawi, Nigeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, Guinea-Bissau, and Ghana), and in a few epidemiological surveys, G8 was the predominant G genotype (3,7,12,13,18,19,26,44,63). G8 HRVs have been detected in combination with a large number of VP4 specificities: P [1], P [2], P [4], P [6], P [8], P [10], and P [14] (13,19,22,31,33,53,61). In addition to this list, P [5] and P [11] (typical bovine P genotypes) have been found in combination with G8 in cattle (17,20,49).…”

Are Human P[14] Rotavirus Strains the Result of Interspecies Transmissions from Sheep or Other Ungulates That Belong to the Mammalian Order Artiodactyla ?

“…The P [14] genotype was initially detected in humans (18,19,52,53) and subsequently in rabbits (7). It was originally hypothesized that the lapine and human P [14] strains might have a common origin or that the P [14] human strains isolated in Italy (PA169 [G6]), Finland (HAL1166 [G8]), and Thailand (Mc35 [G10]) were naturally occurring reassortants between bovine, lapine, and human viruses, as all of these humans strains possessed a VP7 that is commonly found in cattle (7).…”

“…G12 might be the next important emerging strain, as it has been identified in sporadic cases and outbreaks in countries around the world (3, [6] in Africa or, more specifically, G8P [6] in Malawi and G5P [8] in Brazil, are regionally prevalent (1,10,29,47). Additional G types (G6, G8, G10, and G11) and P types ( [1], [3], [9], [10], [11], [14], [19], and [25]) have also been detected sporadically in humans (29,47). Many of these genotypes are believed to have originated from animal rotaviruses that were introduced into the human populations through interspecies transmission and/or gene reassortments, one of the major ways in which genetic rotavirus diversity is generated (12,27,29,43).…”

Genomic characterization of a novel group A lamb rotavirus isolated in Zaragoza, Spain

“…After the original identification of the P11 [14] VP4 type in HRV strains isolated in Italy and Finland [55], characterization of lapine rotavirus has also revealed that P11 [14]G3 are a common P/G combination in rotaviruses of rabbits [21,30,56]. Although the VP4 of the P11 [14] lapine and HRV strains may have a common origin, it was always speculated that the HRV P11 [14] strains are naturally occurring reassortants between humans and cattle [30].…”