Identification of Absorption Lines by Modulated Lower-Level Population: Spectrum of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Na</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>

Kaminsky, M. E.; Hawkins, R. T.; Kowalski, Frank V.; Schawlow, A. L.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.36.671

Cited by 116 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…By sending it in a counterpropagating configuration one can perform a Doppler free excitation into the hyperfine states of the 6p 3/2 manifold [21]. For zero velocity atoms the excitation sequence is…”

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confidence: 99%

Observation of the5p3/2→6p3/2electric-dipole-forbidden transition in atomic rubidium using optical-optical double-resonance spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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Direct evidence of excitation of the 5p 3/2 → 6p 3/2 electric dipole forbidden transition in atomic rubidium is presented. The experiments were performed in a room temperature rubidium cell with continuous wave extended cavity diode lasers. Optical-optical double resonance spectroscopy with counterpropagating beams allows the detection of the non-dipole transition free of Doppler broadening. The 5p 3/2 state is prepared by excitation with a laser locked to the maximum F cyclic transition of the D2 line, and the forbidden transition is produced by excitation with a 911 nm laser. Production of the forbidden transition is monitored by detection of the 420 nm fluorescence that results from decay of the 6p 3/2 state. Spectra with three narrow lines (≈ 13 MHz FWHM) with the characteristic F − 1, F and F + 1 splitting of the 6p 3/2 hyperfine structure in both rubidium isotopes were obtained. The results are in very good agreement with a direct calculation that takes into account the 5s → 5p 3/2 preparation dynamics, the 5p 3/2 → 6p 3/2 non-dipole excitation geometry and the 6p 3/2 → 5s 1/2 decay. The comparison also shows that the electric dipole forbidden transition is a very sensitive probe of the preparation dynamics.PACS numbers: 32.70. Cs,32.70.Fw While the electric dipole approximation is a cornerstone in the study of the interaction between optical radiation fields and atoms, transitions induced by optical fields beyond this approximation have also become important tools in basic and applied studies of atoms. These so called "forbidden transitions" have been traditionally used in astrophysical and plasma studies [1]. They now play a fundamental role in metrology [2] and have also been used in experiments testing parity nonconserving interactions in atoms [3].In early studies of forbidden transitions, Sayer et al. [4] determined transition probabilities of electric quadrupole (E2) transitions using a tungsten lamp. The first direct observation of electric quadrupole effects in multiphoton ionization dates back to the work of Lambropoulos et al.[5]. Electric-dipole-forbidden transitions were exploited in three-wave-mixing experiments for optical sum and difference frequency generation in [6].The use of intense continuous-wave or pulsed laser sources has facilitated the observation of weak absorption lines. For instance, Tojo et al.[7] reported a determination of the oscillator strength of a E2 transition with a temperature-controlled cell and an extended cavity diode laser. Also, the study of strongly forbidden J = 0 → J = 0 transitions via single-photon excitation is presented in [8]. Excitation of forbidden transitions involving states with nonzero angular momentum in alkali atoms have also been studied over the last few years [9][10][11][12][13]. The coherent mixing of waves is theoretically studied in [9] for n 1 2 P − n 2 2 P transitions. The excitation of the 5p → 8p forbidden transition in thermal rubidium atoms was produced with a pulsed laser in [10] and using cold atoms in [12]. The experiment with co...

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confidence: 99%

Observation of the5p3/2→6p3/2electric-dipole-forbidden transition in atomic rubidium using optical-optical double-resonance spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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“…The first laser spectroscopic study of the Na 2 A state by Kaminsky in Schawlow's laboratory reported ͑also in 1976͒ the observation of some 114 A ← X spectral lines. 9,10 It was noted in Ref. 10 that one level was perturbed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…9,10 It was noted in Ref. 10 that one level was perturbed. Slightly later Engelke et al, 11 Atkinson et al, 12,13 and Shimizu and Shimizu 14 observed transitions to various levels of the b state, using lasers and molecular beams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

New spectroscopic data, spin-orbit functions, and global analysis of data on the AΣu+1 and bΠu3 states of Na2

Bai

Ahmed

et al. 2007

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The lowest electronically excited states of Na2 are of interest as intermediaries in the excitation of higher states and in the development of methods for producing cold molecules. We have compiled previously obtained spectroscopic data on the A 1Sigmau+ and b 3Piu states of Na2 from about 20 sources, both published and unpublished, together with new sub-Doppler linewidth measurements of about 15,000 A<--X transitions using polarization spectroscopy. We also present new ab initio results for the diagonal and off-diagonal spin-orbit functions. The discrete variable representation is used in conjunction with Hund's case a potentials plus spin-orbit effects to model data extending from v=0 to very close to the 3 2S+3 2P12 limit. Empirical estimates of the spin-orbit functions agree well with the ab initio functions for the accessible values of R. The potential function for the A state includes an exchange potential for S+P atoms, with a fitted coefficient somewhat larger than the predicted value. Observed and calculated term values are presented in an auxiliary (EPAPS) file as a database for future studies on Na2.

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“…narrow-bandpass lasers in a counterpropagating configuration allows recording of spectra free of Doppler broadening 1 [18] and thus one expect to be able to resolve the 6P 3/2 hyperfine structure. The right interpretation of the experimental spectra require the inclusion of several effects that will be discussed as well as translated into different terms in the model.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser spectroscopy of the 5P3/2 → 6Pj (j = 1/2 and 3/2) electric dipole forbidden transitions in atomic rubidium

Ponciano-Ojeda

Hernández-Gómez

Mojica-Casique

et al. 2018

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Identification of Absorption Lines by Modulated Lower-Level Population: Spectrum ofNa2

Cited by 116 publications

References 6 publications

Observation of the5p3/2→6p3/2electric-dipole-forbidden transition in atomic rubidium using optical-optical double-resonance spectroscopy

Observation of the5p3/2→6p3/2electric-dipole-forbidden transition in atomic rubidium using optical-optical double-resonance spectroscopy

New spectroscopic data, spin-orbit functions, and global analysis of data on the AΣu+1 and bΠu3 states of Na2

Laser spectroscopy of the 5P3/2 → 6Pj (j = 1/2 and 3/2) electric dipole forbidden transitions in atomic rubidium

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