Identification of additional histaminergic neurons in Aplysia: Improvement of single cell isolation techniques for in tandem physiological and chemical studies

Ono, Joyce K.; McCaman, Richard E.

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(80)90152-9

Cited by 80 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The locations of the cell bodies of the candidates were determined by backfilling the CBC with biocytin. The cell bodies of Aplysia cerebral neurons have been reported to be concentrated into several clusters (Jahan-Parwar and Fredman 1976;Ono and McCaman 1980;Rosen et al 1979). In the present experiments, the cell bodies in the G, M, and E clusters were mostly stained (n ϭ 25).…”

Section: Candidates For Cerebral Modulatory Neuronssupporting

confidence: 55%

Cerebral CBm1 Neuron Contributes to Synaptic Modulation Appearing During Rejection of Seaweed inAplysia kurodai

Narusuye

Nagahama

2002

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Narusuye, Kenji, and Tatsumi Nagahama. Cerebral CBM1 neuron contributes to synaptic modulation appearing during rejection of seaweed in Aplysia kurodai. J Neurophysiol 88: 2778J Neurophysiol 88: -2795J Neurophysiol 88: , 2002 10.1152/jn.00757.2001. The Japanese species Aplysia kurodai feeds well on Ulva but rejects Gelidium with distinctive rhythmic patterned movements of the jaws and radula. We have previously shown that the patterned jaw movements during the rejection of Gelidium might be caused by long-lasting suppression of the monosynaptic transmission from the multiaction MA neurons to the jaw-closing (JC) motor neurons in the buccal ganglia and that the modulation might be directly produced by some cerebral neurons. In the present paper, we have identified a pair of catecholaminergic neurons (CBM1) in bilateral cerebral M clusters. The CBM1, probably equivalent to CBI-1 in A. californica, simultaneously produced monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the MA and JC neurons. Firing of the CBM1 reduced the size of the inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in the JC neuron, evoked by the MA spikes, for Ͼ100 s. Moreover, the application of dopamine mimicked the CBM1 modulatory effects and pretreatment with a D1 antagonist, SCH23390, blocked the modulatory effects induced by dopamine. It could also largely block the modulatory effects induced by the CBM1 firing. These results suggest that the CBM1 may directly modulate the synaptic transmission by releasing dopamine. Moreover, we explored the CBM1 spike activity induced by taste stimulation of the animal lips with seaweed extracts by the use of calcium imaging. The calciumsensitive dye, Calcium Green-1, was iontophoretically loaded into a cell body of the CBM1 using a microelectrode. Application of either Ulva or Gelidium extract to the lips increased the fluorescence intensity, but the Gelidium extract always induced a larger change in fluorescence compared with the Ulva extract, although the solution used induced the maximum spike responses of the CBM1 for each of the seaweed extracts. When the firing frequency of the CBM1 activity after taste stimulation was estimated, the Gelidium extract induced a spike activity of ϳ30 spikes/s while the Ulva extract induced an activity of ϳ20 spikes/s, consistent with the effective firing frequency (Ͼ25 spikes/s) for the synaptic modulation. These results suggest that the CBM1 may be one of the cerebral neurons contributing to the modulation of the basic feeding circuits for rejection induced by the taste of seaweeds such as Gelidium.

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Section: Candidates For Cerebral Modulatory Neuronssupporting

confidence: 55%

Cerebral CBm1 Neuron Contributes to Synaptic Modulation Appearing During Rejection of Seaweed inAplysia kurodai

Narusuye

Nagahama

2002

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…The MCC receives excitatory input from the histaminergic mechanosensory neuron C2 (Ono and McCaman, 1980;McCaman and Weinreich, 1985;Weiss et al, 1986). We therefore examined the interrelation between CC5 and C2.…”

Section: Histaminergic Neuron C2 and Other Neurons In The Cerebral E mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Identified Interneuron Contributes to Aspects of Six Different Behaviors inAplysia

1996

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Previous results have indicated that the bilateral cerebral interneuron CC5 mediates the pedal artery shortening that is a component of defensive withdrawal responses involving the head. Current studies suggest that CC5 contributes to aspects of at least six different behaviors: locomotion, head turning, defensive head withdrawal, local tentacular withdrawal, rhythmic feeding, and head lifting. In addition to receiving input from mechanoreceptors in the head, CC5 receives synaptic input during fictive locomotor and feeding programs. Firing of CC5 produces widespread monosynaptic or polysynaptic actions in all ganglia in the animal. CC5 excites presumptive motor neurons for the neck, and its activity can contract neck muscles. The pedal artery shortener motor neuron (PAS), a key excitatory follower cell of CC5, fires during ipsilateral head turning, head withdrawal, tentacle withdrawal, feeding, and locomotion. For all behaviors, except locomotion and biting, responses of PAS were eliminated by cutting the ipsilateral-pleural connective, which interrupts the only direct connection of CC5 to the ipsilateral PAS. The data suggest that CC5 is a multifunctional interneuron that plays different roles during different behaviors. The neuron appears to be involved in producing coordinated movements of the head, involving both somatic and visceral muscles. For some behaviors, or for certain aspects of behaviors, CC5 appears to act as an individual command-like neuron; for other behaviors, CC5 appears to act more as an element of a distributed circuit and is neither necessary nor sufficient for any aspects of the behavior. Key words: command; withdrawal reflex; Aplysia; mechanosensory; feeding; head turning; locomotionAn important conceptual issue in understanding the organization of the nervous system relates to how information is represented. To what extent is information encoded by the activity of individual neurons that perform dedicated functions using local-coding or are neurons always a part of distributed networks using vector coding in which their functional roles are determined by the activity of other neurons in the network (Barlow, 1972;Churchland and Sejnowski, 1992;Morton and Chiel, 1994)? A related question is whether neurons are multifunctional, and growing evidence suggests that indeed multifunctional neurons may be commonly used by the nervous system (Hooper and Moulins, 1989;Lockery and Kristan, 1990;Fetz, 1992;Meyrand et al., 1994;Wu et al., 1994). What is unclear is how the activity of multifunctional neurons is translated into behavior and whether multifunctional neurons can serve different roles for different behaviors. In a companion paper, we describe an identified interneuron, CC5, that appears to be necessary and sufficient for the arterial artery shortening component of a local withdrawal response (Xin et al., 1996) (see also Skelton and Koester, 1992). In the present paper, we describe data that indicate CC5 is engaged in multiple behaviors, all of which involve movements of the neck of the ani...

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“…After 24 hr, ganglia were rinsed and incubated in 50% sterilized hemolymph containing antibiotics and colchicine as described: 50% L15 culture medium (Flow Laboratories) plus salts for 4-6 hr. Individual cells were dissected (13) Fractionation. Neuron and muscle extracts were fractionated using reverse-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) as previously described (13).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Individual cells were dissected (13) Fractionation. Neuron and muscle extracts were fractionated using reverse-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) as previously described (13). A DuPont 250-mm C8 column was developed with a linear gradient from 20% CH3CN:80% H20 to 50% CH3CN:50% H20 in 30 min at 1.0 or 1.5 ml/min.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multiple neuropeptides in cholinergic motor neurons of Aplysia: evidence for modulation intrinsic to the motor circuit.

Cropper¹,

Lloyd²,

Reed³

et al. 1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

132

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Changes in Aplysia biting responses during food arousal are partially mediated by the serotonergic metacerebral cells (MCCs) The nervous system of the marine mollusc Aplysia provides an advantageous model system for the study of the neural basis ofbehavior and the modification ofbehavior by learning and motivational states such as arousal. We have been studying a form of arousal that is elicited by food and is characterized by general changes in locomotion (1) and cardiovascular responses (2) as well as by specific alterations in feeding behavior-such as progressive increases in the strength and speed of biting (1,3,4).Previous studies (5-7) have demonstrated that changes in biting during food arousal are partially mediated by the serotonergic metacerebral cells (MCCs). The MCCs exert central actions within the nervous system and peripheral actions on buccal muscles. We have studied the peripheral actions of the MCCs on the accessory radula closer muscle (ARCM), a muscle used in biting, which is innervated by the MCC and two cholinergic buccal motor neurons B15 and B16 (8). The MCC is not a motor neuron; its activity does not produce ARCM contractions. Instead it increases the strength of contractions produced by stimulation of neurons B15 and B16, presumably by increasing cAMP levels in the muscle (9).This modulatory input from the MCCs, however, accounts for only a part of the manifestations of arousal, because animals in which the MCCs have been lesioned still exhibit a progressive buildup ofthe magnitude and frequency ofbiting, although to a lesser degree (7). This suggests that arousal may be produced by more than one modulatory system. In fact, we have demonstrated that nerve fibers and varicosities in the ARCM contain the neuropeptide SCPB and that exogenous application of SCPB exerts modulatory actions similar to those of serotonin and the MCC-i.e., SCPB increases cAMP in the ARCM and enhances contractions produced by motor neuron stimulation without itself producing a contraction (10). Therefore, there may be peptidergic as well as serotonergic modulation of the ARCM. As a first step in understanding the functional significance of this dual modulation, we have now identified sources of peptidergic input to the ARCM. METHODS Extraction of Peptides from Motor Neurons. Identified neurons B15 and B16 (8) were marked by iontophoresis of fast green dye. In some experiments, peptides were radiolabeled in vivo (11). Buccal ganglia were incubated with 0.5 mCi of [35S]methionine (1 Ci = 37 GBq; Amersham) for 24 hr at 18°C in 1 ml of 50% artificial sea water (ASW)/50% sterile (0.2-,um filtered) hemolymph/100 ,l of antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin each at 50 units per ml)/colchicine (2.5 ,ul of 1 M colchicine dissolved in Me2SO). Colchicine was added to inhibit axonal transport, which raised intrasomatic peptide levels and reduced, or eliminated, labeled peptides that might be present in fibers and terminals near the somata of dissected neurons (12). After 24 hr, ganglia were rinsed and incubated i...

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Identification of additional histaminergic neurons in Aplysia: Improvement of single cell isolation techniques for in tandem physiological and chemical studies

Cited by 80 publications

References 10 publications

Cerebral CBm1 Neuron Contributes to Synaptic Modulation Appearing During Rejection of Seaweed inAplysia kurodai

Cerebral CBm1 Neuron Contributes to Synaptic Modulation Appearing During Rejection of Seaweed inAplysia kurodai

An Identified Interneuron Contributes to Aspects of Six Different Behaviors inAplysia

Multiple neuropeptides in cholinergic motor neurons of Aplysia: evidence for modulation intrinsic to the motor circuit.

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