O murici (Byrsonima crassifolia L., Malpighiaceae) é uma pequena fruta tropical de intenso aroma frutal e semelhante a queijo rançoso. Aplicando a cromatografia gasosa de alta resolução-olfatometria acoplada a espectrometria de massas e usando técnica de diluição de aroma ("Aroma extract dilution analysis"), as substâncias de maior impacto no aroma do murici foram identificadas como sendo: butanoato de etila (frutal, doce), hexanoato de etila (frutal), 1-octeno-3-ol (odor semelhante a cogumelo), ácido butírico (queijo rançoso), ácido hexanóico (pungente, queijo) e 2-feniletanol (floral). A polpa da fruta é principalmente composta por ésteres etílicos, metílicos e feniletílicos, juntamente com ácidos carboxílicos, terpenos, δ-lactonas e algumas substâncias sulfuradas. As sementes, que apresentaram um aroma semelhante ao de óleo rançoso, também lembrando queijo, tem como componentes majoritários os ácidos linoleico, oleico, esteárico e palmítico. Seu aroma foi associado aos ácidos butírico e hexanóico, ambos minoritários.Murici (Byrsonima crassifolia L., Malpighiaceae), a small, tropical fruit, very popular in Brazil, has a strong fruity, rancid cheese aroma. High resolution gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry and aroma extract dilution analysis identified the most potent substances in its aroma as ethyl butanoate (fruity, sweet), ethyl hexanoate (fruity), 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom like), butyric acid (rancid, cheese), hexanoic acid (pungent, cheese) and phenylethyl alcohol (floral). Its pulp is mainly composed of ethyl, methyl and phenylethyl esters and by carboxylic acids, terpenoids, δ-lactones and some sulfur compounds. Seed analysis also showed a buttery and oily cheese aroma and GC-MS revealed linoleic, oleic, stearic and palmitic acids as foremost components, while the aroma was associated to the butyric and hexanoic acids present in minor amounts.Keywords: Byrsonima crassifolia L., Malpighiaceae, murici, volatile compounds, gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry, aroma extract dilution analysis, seed composition
IntroductionIn most Amazonian markets innumerous tropical forest plants are commercialized for medicinal and nutritive purposes. They are usually famous for their exotic aroma, taste, and succulent pulp.The Amazonian fruit known as murici (Byrsonima crassifolia L., Malpighiaceae) grows on small trees (at the most 5 m tall) and may be found, from December to May, not only in the Amazonian region, but also in some Northeastern states of Brazil. When mature, it is yellow, has a diameter of 1.5 to 2 cm, and a strong odor resembling a fruity, rancid cheese. Brazilian folklore records that its typical and intense flavor reminded the Portuguese explorers of their Alentejo cheese. The Indians used its juice in body paintings, in the treatment of respiratory diseases and as a laxative. In an effort to extend our knowledge of such exotic but commercial Amazonian fruits, 9,10 we report here the volatile composition of the pulp of murici (investigated by gas chromatography-olfactometry-ma...