Identification of Anthocyanins in the Sprouts of Buckwheat

Abstract

The anthocyanin profiles and varieties/breeding line differences of anthocyanin concentrations in common/tartary buckwheat sprouts have been studied. Four anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, and cyanidin 3-O-galactopyranosyl-rhamnoside, were isolated from the sprouts of common buckwheat, were separated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and were identified using reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC)/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)/MS techniques. In tartary buckwheat sprouts, two anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside) were identified. Among 19 common/tartary buckwheat varieties/breeding lines, Hokkai T10 contained the highest amounts of anthocyanins. Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside concentrations in 6-10 days after seeding sprouts of Hokkai T10 ranged from 0.16 to 0.20 mg/g dry wt and from 5.55 to 6.57 mg/g dry wt, respectively. In addition, dark-grown sprouts of Hokkai T10 accumulated 0.091 and 2.77 mg/g dry wt of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside whereas other varieties/breeding lines accumulated trace amounts of anthocyanins. Given its anthocyanin-rich red cotyledons, Hokkai T10 is a promising line for use as "Moyashi" type sprouts and is strongly recommended as a new functional food, rich in dietary anthocyanins.

Effects of Light-Emitting Diodes on Expression of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Genes and Accumulation of Phenylpropanoids in Fagopyrum tataricum Sprouts

“…Cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside is the main compound that may contribute to the red color of tartary buckwheat sprouts. 31,32 Blue light induces the accumulation of anthocyanins, which play a major role in antioxidant activity. 33 All of these reports help to explain the reddish hypocotyl appearance and anthocyanin detection in blue-LED-grown sprouts described in this study.…”

A novel gene that diverts the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway towards the production of proanthocyanidins in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)

“…Stems, petioles, leaf veins and anthers of the wild type usually contain red or slightly red hues because of the accumulation of cyanidinbased pigments (Watanabe 2007, Kim et al 2007). Mutation of the gs1 locus results in substantial reduction in the anthocyanin content of these organs.…”

“…Four kinds of anthocyanins have been recognized in common buckwheat: cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-galactopyranosyl-rhamnoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside (Kim et al 2007). Three HPLC peaks that included these four anthocyanins were detected in the seedlings of 'Hitachi Akisoba' (Fig.…”

Relationships between antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activities of tartary buckwheat during germination

“…Some studies found that flavonoids from buckwheat sprouts have anti-stress effects and anti-inflammatory in mice and in vitro (Ishii et al 2008;Watanabe and Ayugase 2008). Additionally, Kim et al (2007a) identified some anthocyanins in the sprouts of common and tartary buckwheat sprouts. Watanabe (2007) evaluated the contribution of anthocyanin compounds of commercial buckwheat sprouts to antioxidant capacity.…”