Identification of Armox 500T steel failure properties in the modeling of perforation problems

Popławski, Arkadiusz; Kędzierski, Piotr; Morka, Andrzej

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108536

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…(3) Variant 3-ceramic tile described by means of SPH particles without erosion; (4) Variant 4-ceramic tile described by means of hybrid elements-finite elements converted to SPH particles after exceeding the failure criteria. A constitutive model based on the Johnson-Cook (J-C) equation was used to describe metallic components of the simulation [39,40]. This model reproduces the behavior of metals under high strain rates in both elastic and plastic ranges, including material strengthening and thermal softening.…”

Section: Methodology Of Numerical Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Numerical Simulation Techniques of Ballistic Ceramics under Projectile Impact Conditions

et al. 2021

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This article presents an analysis of the effectiveness of available numerical techniques in mapping the characteristic behavior of ballistic ceramics under projectile impact conditions. As part of the work, the ballistic tests were performed on the layered ceramic/steel composite armor and tested with the 7.62 × 39 mm, armor-piercing incendiary (API) BZ projectile. The experimental tests were then mapped using computer simulations. In numerical analyses, four different techniques were used to describe cubic ceramic tiles Al2O3 placed on the ARMOX 500T steel backing plate, i.e.,: the Finite Element Method without Erosion (FEM), Finite Element with erosion (FEM + Erosion), Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics (SPH) and a hybrid method that converts finite elements to SPH particles after exceeding the defined failure criteria (FEM to SPH conversion). The effectiveness of the individual methods was compared in terms of quality (mapping of characteristic phenomena occurring during the penetration process), quantity (bulge height of the backing plate) and time needed to complete the calculations. On the basis of the results of the experiments and numerical simulations, it was noticed that the most accurate reproduction of the phenomenon of ballistic impact of AP projectiles on ceramic/steel composite armor can be obtained by using a hybrid method, incorporating the conversion of finite elements into SPH particles. This method should be used in cases where accuracy of the results is more important than the time required to complete the calculations. In other situations where the purpose of the calculation is not to determine, for example, the exact value of penetration depth but only to observe a certain trend, the FEM method with defined erosion criteria (variant 2), which is more than 10 times faster, can be successfully used.

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Section: Methodology Of Numerical Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A constitutive model based on the Johnson–Cook (J-C) equation was used to describe metallic components of the simulation [ 39 , 40 ]. This model reproduces the behavior of metals under high strain rates in both elastic and plastic ranges, including material strengthening and thermal softening.…”

Section: Object and Methodology Of Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Numerical Simulation Techniques of Ballistic Ceramics under Projectile Impact Conditions

et al. 2021

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“…Since the simulated crash scenario is a dynamic phenomenon in which the strain rate effect plays a significant role, the widely used Johnson–Cook (JC) constitutive model [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ] was implemented to model the behavior of the lighting pole. Specifically, the simplified version of the JC model (SJC) was adopted.…”

Section: Problem Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Vehicle–Lighting Pole Crash Tests: Parametric Study of Factors Influencing Predicted Occupant Safety Levels

Baranowski

Damaziak

2021

Materials

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In this paper, numerical simulations of the EN 12767 test procedure for a vehicle–lighting pole crash are presented. A representative soil–vehicle–lighting pole model is first developed. The Geo Metro vehicle model is used, and significant attention is given to representing the soil and its interaction with the traffic pole. Soil is represented using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) coupled with finite elements (FEs). A parametric study is carried out to investigate the key factors influencing the outcomes and consequently the estimation of the occupant safety levels during crash scenario described in EN 12767. First, a sensitivity study of lighting pole mesh is conducted As a result, the optimal mesh size is used for further studies regarding physical parameters such as soil properties and friction coefficient in vehicle–pole interfaces. Friction and mesh size are found to have a considerable influence on the acceleration severity index (ASI), theoretical head impact velocity (THIV), post-impact velocity and vehicle behavior during the lighting pole crash scenario.

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“…Steels used in ballistic armor need both a high hardness to stop an armor-piercing bullet by shattering its tip as well as enough toughness to prevent armor fragmentation after the projectile impact [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. The way to simultaneously achieve these properties, which in principle are antagonists, is by combining a heat treatment, usually quench and temper (Q&T), and adding alloying elements that increase the hardenability of the material [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure Effect of Heat Input on Ballistic Performance of Welded High Strength Armor Steel

et al. 2021

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The effect of two different heat inputs, 1.2 and 0.8 kJ/ mg, on the microstructure associated with a welded high hardness armor (HHA) steel was investigated by ballistic tests. A novel way of comparing the ballistic performance between fusion zone (FZ), heat-affected zone (HAZ), and base metal (BM) of the HHA joint plate was applied by using results of the limit velocity V50. These results of V50 were combined with those of ballistic absorbed impact energy, microhardness, and Charpy and tensile strength revealing that the higher ballistic performance was attained for the lower heat input. Indeed, the lower heat input was associated with a superior performance of the HAZ, by reaching a V50 projectile limit velocity of 668 m/s, as compared to V50 of 622 m/s for higher heat input as well as to both FZ and BM, with 556 and 567 m/s, respectively. Another relevant result, which is for the first time disclosed, refers to the comparative lower microhardness of the HAZ (445 HV) vs. BM (503 HV), in spite of the HAZ superior ballistic performance. This apparent contradiction is attributed to the HAZ bainitic microstructure with a relatively greater toughness, which was found more determinant for the ballistic resistance than the harder microstructure of the BM tempered martensite.

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Identification of Armox 500T steel failure properties in the modeling of perforation problems

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Comparison of Numerical Simulation Techniques of Ballistic Ceramics under Projectile Impact Conditions

Comparison of Numerical Simulation Techniques of Ballistic Ceramics under Projectile Impact Conditions

Numerical Simulation of Vehicle–Lighting Pole Crash Tests: Parametric Study of Factors Influencing Predicted Occupant Safety Levels

Microstructure Effect of Heat Input on Ballistic Performance of Welded High Strength Armor Steel

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