Identification of C3-C10 aliphatic dicarboxylic acids in airborne particulate matter

Grosjean, Daniel; Cauwenberghe, K. Van; Schmid, Joachim P.; Kelley, Paul E.; Pitts, James N.

doi:10.1021/es60139a005

Cited by 242 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Our results (both the volatility and molecular weight) are more consistent with longer chain dicarboxilic acids (such as azelaic acid) or C8-C10 polyols. On the other hand, the compounds selected by Saxena and Hildemann have been observed in ambient aerosols (Grosjean et al 1978;Kawamura and Kaplan 1987;Sempere and Kawamura 1994;Rogge et al 1993). The behavior of adipic acid when in mixture with the WSOC ambient matrix observed in this study shows activity coefficients significantly lower than one (Figure 5b), which agrees with the findings of Cappa et al (2008) for lab generated multicomponent dicarboxylic acid mixtures.…”

Section: Adipic Acid-ambient Extractssupporting

confidence: 87%

Determination of Activity Coefficients of Semi-Volatile Organic Aerosols Using the Integrated Volume Method

Saleh

Khlystov

2009

Aerosol Science and Technology

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We demonstrate the use of the Integrated Volume Method (IVM) to estimate activity coefficients of semi-volatile organic compounds pertinent to ambient/atmospheric aerosols in binary mixtures. We generate binary solution aerosols with different mole fractions of individual components; for each mixture, we measure total change in aerosol volume upon heating from 25• C to 35• C, with the aerosols being at equilibrium in both states. The change in aerosol volume, or in other words, the partitioning between the particle phase and the gas phase, is used to determine activity coefficients of the compounds as a function of their mole fraction in the mixture. We demonstrate this method using the following four model systems. System 1: adipic acid-pimelic acid, which illustrates polar organic-polar organic interactions. Nonideal behavior was observed with activity coefficients around three at infinite dilution. System 2: adipic acid-dioctyl sebacate, which illustrates polar organic-non-polar organic interactions. The compounds in this experiment did not form a solution. System 3: adipic acid-ammonium sulfate, which illustrates polar organic-inorganic interactions. The compounds in this experiment did not form a solution. System 4: adipic acid-ambient extracts, which illustrates the potential use of the method to study partitioning behavior of individual components in a complex matrix approximating that of real ambient aerosol. The measured activity coefficients of adipic acid were less than unity for the tested range of mixing ratios, indicating suppression of volatility of this compound in ambient organic matrix.

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Section: Adipic Acid-ambient Extractssupporting

confidence: 87%

Determination of Activity Coefficients of Semi-Volatile Organic Aerosols Using the Integrated Volume Method

Saleh

Khlystov

2009

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…This result suggests that C 3 is vigorously produced under a strong solar radiation by photochemical oxidation of C 4 (Kawamura et al, 1996a). C 6 diacid is formed by the ozone oxidation of cyclohexene (Grosjean et al, 1978;Hatakeyama et al, 1987). On the other hand, C 9 is produced by the oxidation of biogenic unsaturated fatty acids (Kawamura and Gagosian, 1987;Stephanou and Stratigakis, 1993).…”

Section: Diurnal Variations Of Dicarboxylic Acids Oxocarboxylic Acidmentioning

confidence: 96%

Diurnal and temporal variations of water-soluble dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in aerosols from the northern vicinity of Beijing: Implication for photochemical aging during atmospheric transport

He¹,

Kawamura²,

Okuzawa³

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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Abstract:Aerosol samples were collected in autumn 2007 on day-and nighttime basis in the northern receptor site of Beijing, China. The samples were analyzed for total carbon (TC) and water-soluble dicarboxylic acids (C 2 -C 12 ), oxocarboxylic acids (C 2 -C 9 ), glyoxal and methylglyoxal to better understand the photochemical aging of organic aerosols in the vicinity of Beijing. Concentrations of TC are 50% greater in daytime when winds come from Beijing than in nighttime when winds come from the northern forest areas. Most diacids showed higher concentrations in daytime, suggesting that the organics emitted from the urban Beijing and delivered to the northern vicinity in daytime are subjected to photo-oxidation to result in diacids.However, oxalic acid (C 2 ), which is the most abundant diacid followed by C 3 or C 4 , became on average 30% more abundant in nighttime together with azelaic, ω-oxooctanoic and ω-oxononanoic acids, which are specific oxidation products of biogenic unsaturated fatty acids.Methylglyoxal, an oxidation product of isoprene and a precursor of oxalic acid, also became 29% more abundant in nighttime. Based on a positive correlation between C 2 and glyoxylic acid (ωC 2 ) in nighttime when relative humidity significantly enhanced, we propose a nighttime aqueous phase production of C 2 via the oxidation of ωC 2 . We found an increase in the contribution of diacids to TC by 3 folds during consecutive clear days. This study demonstrates that diacids and related compounds are largely produced in the northern vicinity of Beijing via photochemical processing of organic precursors emitted from urban center and forest areas.

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“…Dicarboxylic acids are an important group of water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) in the atmospheric aerosols (Grosjean et al, 1978;Kawamura and Ikushima, 1993;Rogge et al, 1993;Jacobson et al, 2000;Kawamura and Yasui, 2005). They have received much attention because of their potential roles in affecting the global climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other than primary vehicular emissions and secondary sources, biogenic contributions of dicarboxylic acids are common, especially in rural areas. As azelaic acid (C 9 ) has been proposed as one of the reaction products by ozonolysis of biogenic unsaturated fatty acids (Kawamura and Kaplan, 1983;Yokouchi and Ambe, 1986;Kawamura and Gagosian, 1987;Stephanou and Stratigakis, 1993) and adipic acid (C 6 ) has been proposed as one of the products by oxidation of anthropogenic cyclohexene (Grosjean et al, 1978;Hatakeyama et al, 1987;Kawamura and Ikushima, 1993), the C 6 /C 9 ratio can be used as a potential indicator to show the strength of biogenic sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and dicarbonyls in the urban roadside area of Hong Kong

Lee

Cao

et al. 2006

Atmospheric Environment

150

126

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Homologous dicarboxylic acids (C 2 -C 12 ), ketocarboxylic acids (ωC 2 -ωC 9 , pyruvic acid) and dicarbonyls (glyoxal and methylglyoxal) have been studied in the urban aerosol samples (PM 2.5 ) collected from the Hong Kong roadside atmosphere during winter and summer of 2003 using a capillary GC and GC-MS method. The concentrations of total dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids, and α-dicarbonyls were higher in winter than in summer (except for some species like phthalic acid, Ph).Oxalic (C 2 ) acid was found as the most abundant species in summer, followed by Ph.Oxalic (C 2 ) acid was also found as the most abundant species in winter, but followed by malonic (C 3 ) acid. The C 2 diacid comprised 28-66 % of the total diacid concentrations. The diacids with higher carbon numbers were less abundant, although C 9 diacid was relatively abundant (2 %). Glyoxylic acid (ωC 2 ) and methylglyoxal were found as the most abundant ketocarboxylic acid and dicarbonyl in both seasons, * Corresponding author. Tel.: +86-852-27666011; fax: +86-852-23346389. E-mail address: ceslee@polyu.edu.hk (S.C. Lee).2 respectively. The concentrations of the total diacids, total ketoacids and total dicarbonyls ranged from 224 to 1381 ng m -3 , 10 to 89 ng m -3 and 5 to 21 ng m -3 , respectively. Their relative abundances in PM 2.5 mass were 1.18 %, 0.06 % and 0.02 %, respectively. High concentrations of toluene (winter: 33.8 µg m -3 ; summer: 41.3 µg m -3 ) and naphthalenes (winter: 1.2 µg m -3 ; summer: 1.9 µg m -3 ) observed were one possible source for the abundant phthalic and also methylmaleic acids detected.

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Identification of C3-C10 aliphatic dicarboxylic acids in airborne particulate matter

Cited by 242 publications

References 13 publications

Determination of Activity Coefficients of Semi-Volatile Organic Aerosols Using the Integrated Volume Method

Determination of Activity Coefficients of Semi-Volatile Organic Aerosols Using the Integrated Volume Method

Diurnal and temporal variations of water-soluble dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in aerosols from the northern vicinity of Beijing: Implication for photochemical aging during atmospheric transport

Dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and dicarbonyls in the urban roadside area of Hong Kong

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