Identification of CD4‐independent HIV Receptors on Spermatozoa

Bandivdekar, A. H.; Velhal, Shilpa; Raghavan, Vijaya

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0897.2003.00096.x

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…50–52 Others have shown that the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 binds to spermatozoa, indicating that sperm may be a vehicle for viral dissemination to the upper FRT. 53,54 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: CCL20/MIP3α is a Novel Anti‐HIV‐1 Molecule of the Human Female Reproductive Tract

Ghosh

Shen

Schaefer

et al. 2009

American J Rep Immunol

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Problem CCL20/MIP3α is a chemokine for immature dendritic cells as well as an antibacterial against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The role of CCL20/MIP3α as an antiviral is unknown. In this study, we have examined the production of CCL20/MIP3α by epithelial cells from the upper female reproductive tract as well as its activity as an antiviral molecule. Method of study Primary uterine and Fallopian tube epithelial cells were treated with Poly(I:C) and CCL20/MIP3α mRNA and protein was measured by Real-time RT-PCR and ELISA assays. Anti-HIV activity was determined using an indicator cell line TZM-bl and quantified by using a luminometer. Results Primary uterine and Fallopian tube epithelial cells produce CCL20/MIP3α constitutively and the production is enhanced following stimulation with viral double-stranded RNA mimic Poly(I:C). Recombinant CCL20/MIP3α was able to inhibit both T-cell-tropic X4/IIIB and macrophage-tropic R5/BaL HIV-1 when virus was directly incubated with CCL20/MIP3α but not when CCL20/MIP3α was added to cells either prior to infection or post-infection. This suggests that the mechanism of inhibition is likely to be a direct interaction between HIV-1 and CCL20/MIP3α. Conclusion This study demonstrates that CCL20/MIP3α is an important endogenous anti-HIV-1 microbicide of the female reproductive tract.

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“…50–52 Others have shown that the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 binds to spermatozoa, indicating that sperm may be a vehicle for viral dissemination to the upper FRT. 53,54 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: CCL20/MIP3α is a Novel Anti‐HIV‐1 Molecule of the Human Female Reproductive Tract

Ghosh

Shen

Schaefer

et al. 2009

American J Rep Immunol

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“…CCR4 and CCR1 encoding mRNAs have also been reported [53] and another chemokine receptor, CX3CR1, is thought to be expressed in the tail of spermatozoa [141]. In addition, an unknown protein of 160kDa that binds to HIV gp120 in Western-blot experiments has been specifically identified in spermatozoa [9].…”

Section: • • • • Hiv-1 In the Semenmentioning

confidence: 93%

Standing in the Way of Eradication: HIV-1 Infection and Treatment in the Male Genital Tract

Shehu-Xhilaga

Kretser

Dejucq-Rainsford³

et al. 2005

CHR

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As a result of the introduction of the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) many HIV-1 infected individuals are able to live an improved and extended life style that can include the prospect of having children. Problematically, the male reproductive organs may contribute infected cells and free viral particles to semen in these individuals, increasing the risk of infection from the HIV-1 positive male to the mother and ultimately to the offspring. Though autopsies of AIDS infected individuals have taught us a great deal about specific cell loss and the deterioration of male organs in this setting, it is not clear whether the damage is due to specific targeting of these cells and tissues by HIV-1 or an indirect consequence of viral dissemination in the later stages of infection. Due to lack of access to these organs in the early stages of the disease, little is known about the progression and pathogenesis of the infection within them, particularly during the asymptomatic stage. The molecular and cellular aspects of transmission of this virus remain unclear. Although assisted reproductive techniques have been successfully used to achieve pregnancies in discordant couples in the developed world, investigating the mechanism of the spread of HIV-1 in the cells and tissues of the male reproductive tract remains a critical task, not only to improve our understanding, but also to enable the design of suitable treatment for the eradication of the infection from this potential sanctuary site. In this review, we discuss possible mechanisms by which infection of the male genital tract (MGT) may occur in the context of the anatomy and immunology of the tissues of the male reproductive organs. We revisit the methodology used to evaluate the spread and transmission of HIV-1 from these tissues and pinpoint future directions for study that may provide a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of HIV-1 transmission by this route.

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“…L'expression de CCR5 a récemment été observée à la surface d'une sous-population de spermatozoïdes [53] et d'autres récepteurs des chimiokines ont également été mis en évidence au niveau de ces cellules [54][55][56]. Une étude a montré en Western-blot la présence dans les spermatozoïdes d'une protéine capable de fixer la protéine d'enveloppe du VIH [57]. Il reste à déterminer si ce récepteur potentiel est exprimé à la surface des cellules.…”

Section: Spermatozoïdes Et Vihunclassified

Le tractus génital masculin : un hôte pour le VIH

Tortorec¹,

Dejucq-Rainsford²

2007

Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité

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Identification of CD4‐independent HIV Receptors on Spermatozoa

Cited by 31 publications

References 16 publications

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: CCL20/MIP3α is a Novel Anti‐HIV‐1 Molecule of the Human Female Reproductive Tract

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: CCL20/MIP3α is a Novel Anti‐HIV‐1 Molecule of the Human Female Reproductive Tract

Standing in the Way of Eradication: HIV-1 Infection and Treatment in the Male Genital Tract

Le tractus génital masculin : un hôte pour le VIH

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