Identification of ciguatoxins in a shark involved in a fatal food poisoning in the Indian Ocean

Diogène, Jorge; Reverté, Laia; Rambla-Alegre, Maria; Río, Vanessa del; Iglesia, Pablo de la; Campàs, Mònica; Palacios, Òscar; Flores, Cintia; Caixach, Josep; Ralijaona, Christian; Razanajatovo, Iony Manitra; Pirog, Agathe; Magalon, Hélène; Arnich, Nathalie; Turquet, Jean

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08682-8

Cited by 62 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Neuroblastoma cell-based assay accomplishes very well the last two requirements. Neuroblastoma cell-based assay can detect the effect of CTXs and MTXs analogues at low concentrations [49][50][51][52] and also other possible novel toxins with the same effect on sodium channels [53]. The drawback of this is that it cannot attribute the CTX-like or MXT-like effect to one specific molecule [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity Characterisation of Gambierdiscus Species from the Canary Islands

Rossignoli

Tudó

Bravo

et al. 2020

Toxins

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In the last decade, several outbreaks of ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) have been reported in the Canary Islands (central northeast Atlantic Ocean), confirming ciguatera as an emerging alimentary risk in this region. Five Gambierdiscus species, G. australes, G. excentricus, G. silvae, G. carolinianus and G. caribaeus, have been detected in macrophytes from this area and are known to produce the ciguatoxins (CTXs) that cause CFP. A characterization of the toxicity of these species is the first step in identifying locations in the Canary Islands at risk of CFP. Therefore, in this study the toxicity of 63 strains of these five Gambierdiscus species were analysed using the erythrocyte lysis assay to evaluate their maitotoxin (MTX) content. In addition, 20 of the strains were also analysed in a neuroblastoma Neuro-2a (N2a) cytotoxicity assay to determine their CTX-like toxicity. The results allowed the different species to be grouped according to their ratios of CTX-like and MTX-like toxicity. MTX-like toxicity was especially high in G. excentricus and G. australes but much lower in the other species and lowest in G. silvae. CTX-like toxicity was highest in G. excentricus, which produced the toxin in amounts ranging between 128.2 ± 25.68 and 510.6 ± 134.2 fg CTX1B equivalents (eq) cell−1 (mean ± SD). In the other species, CTX concentrations were as follows: G. carolinianus (100.84 ± 18.05 fg CTX1B eq cell−1), G. australes (31.1 ± 0.56 to 107.16 ± 21.88 fg CTX1B eq cell−1), G. silvae (12.19 ± 0.62 to 76.79 ± 4.97 fg CTX1B eq cell−1) and G. caribaeus (<LOD to 90.37 ± 15.89 fg CTX1B eq cell−1). Unlike the similar CTX-like toxicity of G. australes and G. silvae strains from different locations, G. excentricus and G. caribaeus differed considerably according to the origin of the strain. These differences emphasise the importance of species identification to assess the regional risk of CFP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity Characterisation of Gambierdiscus Species from the Canary Islands

Rossignoli

Tudó

Bravo

et al. 2020

Toxins

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“…Other interfering metabolites include the gambieric acid D, a compound capable of binding to the voltage gated sodium channels but with much less affinity than CTXs [53]. These molecules are produced by Gambierdiscus species and were recently found in shark flesh [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciguatoxin Occurrence in Food-Web Components of a Cuban Coral Reef Ecosystem: Risk-Assessment Implications

Díaz-Asencio

Clausing

Vandersea

et al. 2019

Toxins

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In Cuba, ciguatera poisoning associated with fish consumption is the most commonly occurring non-bacterial seafood-borne illness. Risk management through fish market regulation has existed in Cuba for decades and consists of bans on selected species above a certain weight; however, the actual occurrence of ciguatoxins (CTXs) in seafood has never been verified. From this food safety risk management perspective, a study site locally known to be at risk for ciguatera was selected. Analysis of the epiphytic dinoflagellate community identified the microalga Gambierdiscus. Gambierdiscus species included six of the seven species known to be present in Cuba (G. caribaeus, G. belizeanus, G. carpenteri, G. carolinianus, G. silvae, and F. ruetzleri). CTX-like activity in invertebrates, herbivorous and carnivorous fishes were analyzed with a radioligand receptor-binding assay and, for selected samples, with the N2A cell cytotoxicity assay. CTX activity was found in 80% of the organisms sampled, with toxin values ranging from 2 to 8 ng CTX3C equivalents g −1 tissue. Data analysis further confirmed CTXs trophic magnification. This study constitutes the first finding of CTX-like activity in marine organisms in Cuba and in herbivorous fish in the Caribbean. Elucidating the structure-activity relationship and toxicology of CTX from the Caribbean is needed before conclusions may be drawn about risk exposure in Cuba and the wider Caribbean. Key Contribution:This study constitutes a first investigation of fish contamination with ciguatoxines (CTXs) in Cuba. CTXs were present at all levels of the food web, including in widespread Caribbean herbivores generally considered safe for consumption. We discuss remaining analytical challenges to assess exposure and hence to develop effective management strategies for the associated foodborne disease. Supplementary Materials:The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/12/722/s1: Figure S1: Toxicity of sampled fish and invertebrate specimens. Horizontal bars represent median RBA analysis among specimens, boxes extend from the 25th to 75th percentiles and whiskers represent min to max specimens RBA values. The horizontal line corresponds to the RBA limit of quantification (LOQ = 1.5 ng CTX3C equiv. g-1). RBA-specimens are not shown. Shaded areas indicate fish species banned by Cuban regulation. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, C.M.A.-H.; Data curation, L.

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“…Ciguatera is the most common form of poisoning associated with fish consumption in the world, with about 10,000 to 50,000 cases per year 1 or more 2 . Ciguatera is due to the consumption of fish containing ciguatoxins (CTXs), which are neurotoxins produced by microalgae of the Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa genuses that are transferred through the food web.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and clinical characteristics of ciguatera fish poisoning in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) between 2013 and 2016: a retrospective cases-series

Boucaud-Maitre¹,

Vernoux²,

Pelczar³

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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This retrospective case study analysed the incidence and symptoms of ciguatera fish poisoning (ciguatera) in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) between 2013 and 2016. Cases attending the emergency departments of the two public hospitals and the reports received by the regional health authority in charge of monitoring (ARS) were compiled. Two hundred and thirty-four cases of poisoning were observed, with a mean annual incidence of 1.47/10,000 (95% CI): 1.29–1.66), i.e 5 times higher than the previously reported incidence (1996–2006). The main species described as being responsible for poisoning were fish from the Carangidae family (n = 47) (jack), followed by fish from the Lutjanidae family (n = 27) (snapper), Serranidae family (n = 15) (grouper), Sphyraenidae family (n = 12) (barracuda), and Mullidae family (n = 12) (goatfish). One case of lionfish ciguatera was observed. 93.9% of patients experienced gastrointestinal symptoms, 76.0% presented neurological signs (mainly paresthesia, dysesthesia and pruritus) and 40.3% presented cardiovascular symptoms (bradycardia and/or hypotension). A high frequency (61.4%) of hypothermia (body temperature <36.5 °C) was observed. This study reports for the first time the relatively high frequency of cardiac symptoms and low body temperature. The monitoring of ciguatera poisoning throughout the Caribbean region must be improved, notably after reef disturbance due to Irma and Maria major cyclones.

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Identification of ciguatoxins in a shark involved in a fatal food poisoning in the Indian Ocean

Cited by 62 publications

References 29 publications

Toxicity Characterisation of Gambierdiscus Species from the Canary Islands

Toxicity Characterisation of Gambierdiscus Species from the Canary Islands

Ciguatoxin Occurrence in Food-Web Components of a Cuban Coral Reef Ecosystem: Risk-Assessment Implications

Incidence and clinical characteristics of ciguatera fish poisoning in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) between 2013 and 2016: a retrospective cases-series

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