“…Failures of aphid control have been associated, among others, with the tendency of the adult beetles to fly away from the host plants soon after release, whether in greenhouses (H€ am€ al€ ainen, 1977), urban trees (Brakefield, 1984), or outdoor crops (Kieckhefer & Olson, 1974). Experimental work has shown that flightless morphs of several species, as obtained by diverse methods, have a longer residence time on host plants and can improve aphid control (Ignoffo et al, 1977;Ferran et al, 1998;Tourniaire et al, 1999;Weissenberger et al, 1999;Lommen et al, 2008;Seko et al, 2008;Adachi-Hagimori et al, 2011;Iguchi et al, 2012; but see Riddick, 2017). Experimental work has shown that flightless morphs of several species, as obtained by diverse methods, have a longer residence time on host plants and can improve aphid control (Ignoffo et al, 1977;Ferran et al, 1998;Tourniaire et al, 1999;Weissenberger et al, 1999;Lommen et al, 2008;Seko et al, 2008;Adachi-Hagimori et al, 2011;Iguchi et al, 2012; but see Riddick, 2017).…”