Identification of cow milk in goat milk by nonlinear chemical fingerprint technique

Abstract

The objective of this paper was to develop a nonlinear chemical fingerprint technique for identifying and detecting adulteration of goat milk with cow milk. In this study, by taking the Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillatory chemical reaction using acetone and substrates in goat milk or cow milk as main dissipative substances, when the same dosage of goat milk and cow milk was introduced to the "H + Mn + BrO + acetone" oscillating system respectively, nonlinear chemical fingerprints were obtained for goat milk and cow milk from the same origin. The results showed that inductive time value and the content of cow milk in goat milk had a linear relationship in the range of 0-100% and the corresponding regression coefficient was 0.9991. A detection limit of 0.0107 g/g was obtained, and the content of cow milk in mixed milk was calculated. The proposed method in this study was simple, economical and effective. In addition, the method did not need the pretreatment and separation of samples for identifying and evaluating cow milk adulteration in goat milk.

Study on the influencing factors of oscillation chemical reaction and application in food safety detection

“…According to the aforementioned methods, nearinfrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and Raman spectroscopy have been reported that they are rapid and accurate methods for detecting melamine in milk powder, but they still need sample preparation and well-trained personnel. Therefore, it would be beneficial to develop simple and cost effective methods based on different principles from different aspects for distinguishing and evaluating samples, and the techniques may be complementary with each other (Ma et al, 2017b). Kinetic-catalytic reaction was one of the simple and rapid analytical methods compared to other methods (Gao et al, 2007).…”

“…Kinetic-catalytic reaction was one of the simple and rapid analytical methods compared to other methods (Gao et al, 2007). Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillatory chemical reaction (Belousov and Zhabotinsky were the names of the two Russian scientists, who were the first ones to study the reaction) was typical nonlinear chemical reaction system, which had made a great progress (Ma et al, 2017b), and many scholars had explained the mechanism of the reaction by different kinetic models. The most famous kinetic model was FKN (Field et al, 1972;Field & Schneider, 1989) model, and B-Z oscillatory reaction had been explained by this model.…”

“…Because the components of infant formula are quite complex and include many sorts of reducing substances among them. According to the literatures (Ma et al, 2017b;Zhang et al, 2007Zhang et al, , 2012a, because of the differences in the types and the content of their components, different samples had different influences on an identical nonlinear chemical reaction, which caused that the shapes of the relevant potential-time (Et) curves were different from each other. The E-t curve is very helpful for the rapid identification and evaluation of infant formula with melamine, because it contains abundant qualitative and quantitative information.…”

Detecting cow milk in sheep yoghurt by TaqMan real‐time PCR

“…The most common adulteration in dairy products is to use cow milk, which is cheaper, instead of milk of buffalo, goat, sheep or other dairy products that are advertised to be in the product (Ma et al 2017;Mabood et al 2017;Poonia et al 2017;Tsakali et al 2019). Thus correct labelling is essential to support fair trade practices (Guo et al 2019).…”

“…The most common adulteration in dairy products is to use cow milk, which is cheaper, instead of milk of buffalo, goat, sheep or other dairy products that are advertised to be in the product (Ma et al . 2017; Mabood et al . 2017; Poonia et al .…”