Identification of GSN and LAMC2 as Key Prognostic Genes of Bladder Cancer by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis

Abstract

<jats:p>Bladder cancer is a common malignancy with mechanisms of pathogenesis and progression. This study aimed to identify the prognostic hub genes, which are the central modulators to regulate the progression and proliferation in the specific subtype of bladder cancer. The identification of the candidate hub gene was performed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis to construct a free-scale gene co-expression network. The gene expression profile of GSE97768 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database was used. The association between prognosis and hub gene was evaluated by The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Four gene-expression modules were significantly related to bladder cancer disease: the red module (human adenocarcinoma lymph node metastasis), the darkturquioise module (grade 2 carcinoma), the lightgreen module (grade 3 carcinoma), and the royalblue module (transitional cell carcinoma lymphatic metastasis). Based on betweenness centrality and survival analysis, we identified laminin subunit gamma-2 (LAMC2) in the grade 2 carcinoma, gelsolin (GSN) in the grade 3 carcinoma, and homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) in the transitional cell carcinoma lymphatic metastasis. Subsequently, the protein levels of LAMC2 and GSN were respectively down-regulated and up-regulated in tumor tissue with the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Our results suggested that LAMC2 and GSN are the central modulators to transfer information in the specific subtype of the disease.</jats:p>

An epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related long noncoding RNA signature correlates with the prognosis and progression in patients with bladder cancer

“…Bioinformatics can help identify potential biomarkers of prognosis and progression, and in this way to predict survival outcomes in patients with cancer [ 9 , 10 ]. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute a class of noncoding RNA molecules that regulate the growth of cancer cells and progression [ 11 ], and they are potential biomarkers to predict cancer risk and survival outcomes [ 12 ].…”

LAMC2 acts as a novel therapeutic target of cetuximab in laryngeal cancer

“…cancer [4], gastric cancer [5], colorectal cancer [6], hepatocellular carcinoma [7], cholangiocarcinoma [8], bladder cancer [9], anaplastic thyroid carcinoma [10]. Besides, the expression levels of LAMC2 are often correlated with survival time in human cancers [3].…”

Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression and Prognosis for Laminin Genes in Ovarian Cancer

“…Moreover, LAMC2 expression upregulation lowered the sensitivity of OC cells to the chemotherapeutic agents docetaxel and taxane via the PI3K/Akt axis[ 38 ]. LAMC2 expression upregulation was usually associated with worse prognosis for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) [ 39 ], colorectal cancer[ 40 ], lung adenocarcinoma[ 41 ] and bladder cancer[ 42 ]. However, our bioinformatics analysis in the Kaplan-Meier plotter showed that OC patients with upregulated LAMC2 expression levels had better PFS and OS than those with low LAMC2 expression levels.…”