Identification of Human-Derived Volatile Chemicals that Interfere with Attraction of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

Logan, James G.; Birkett, Michael A.; Clark, S. J.; Powers, Stephen J.; Seal, N. J.; Wadhams, L. J.; Mordue, A. J.; Pickett, John A.

doi:10.1007/s10886-008-9436-0

Cited by 218 publications

(259 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Detailed analysis of human skin emanations and their relationship to mosquito attraction have been already reported (19)(20)(21)(22)(23), but our aim was to determine whether DEET affects the release of physiologically relevant compounds. Some of the major human-derived compounds suppressed by DEET have been previously reported as attractants or repellents (19)(20)(21)(22)(23) and most of them are indeed electrophysiologically active (data not shown). Of notice, the skin of the human subject was exhaustively washed with warm water before the experiments and none of the compounds detected were observed in the soap regularly used by the human subject (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mosquitoes smell and avoid the insect repellent DEET

Syed

Leal

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

287

231

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The insect repellent DEET is effective against a variety of medically important pests, but its mode of action still draws considerable debate. The widely accepted hypothesis that DEET interferes with the detection of lactic acid has been challenged by demonstrated DEETinduced repellency in the absence of lactic acid. The most recent hypothesis suggests that DEET masks or jams the olfactory system by attenuating electrophysiological responses to 1-octen-3-ol. Our research shows that mosquitoes smell DEET directly and avoid it. We performed single-unit recordings from all functional ORNs on the antenna and maxillary palps of Culex quinquefasciatus and found an ORN in a short trichoid sensillum responding to DEET in a dosedependent manner. The same ORN responded with higher sensitivity to terpenoid compounds. SPME and GC analysis showed that odorants were trapped in conventional stimulus cartridges upon addition of a DEET-impregnated filter paper strip thus leading to the observed reduced electrophysiological responses, as reported elsewhere. With a new stimulus delivery method releasing equal amounts of 1-octen-3-ol alone or in combination with DEET we found no difference in neuronal responses. When applied to human skin, DEET altered the chemical profile of emanations by a ''fixative'' effect that may also contribute to repellency. However, the main mode of action is the direct detection of DEET as indicated by the evidence that mosquitoes are endowed with DEET-detecting ORNs and corroborated by behavioral bioassays. In a sugar-feeding assay, both female and male mosquitoes avoided DEET. In addition, mosquitoes responding only to physical stimuli avoided DEET.DEET mode of action ͉ DEET-detecting neuron ͉ fixative effect of DEET ͉ mosquito olfaction ͉ surface-landing bioassay T he insect repellent DEET, N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide, has been used for Ͼ50 years, with 200 million people using it worldwide to reduce their risk of vector-borne diseases (1) but its mode of action has yet to be elucidated. The report that DEET modulates the physiological response of lactic acid-sensitive olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the antennae of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (2), led to the hypothesis that DEET may interfere with and inhibit the response of the olfactory system to a normally attractive chemical signal (3). This notion of ''jamming'' the olfactory system has been substantiated, on the one hand, by behavioral observations indicating that lactic acid per se is a mosquito attractant and suggesting that DEET inhibits attraction to lactic acid (4, 5) and by the recent report on DEET attenuation of mosquito response to 1-octen-3-ol (6). However, repellency solely by inhibition of lactic acid detection was challenged by indoor (4) and field experiments (7) demonstrating the repellent effect of DEET with carbon dioxide as the only attractant. Intrigued by this controversy and puzzled by the dichotomy between sensory physiology and behavioral observations, we undertook a multidisciplinary approach aimed at ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our case it leads to an alteration of the host chemical profile and a possible interference with attraction. In this context, it may be considered a ''masking'' effect (21,24,25) on the release rather than on the reception of chemical signals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquitoes smell and avoid the insect repellent DEET

Syed

Leal

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

287

231

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“…Nonanal also elicited EAG and behavioral response in host seeking adult Ae. aegypti females (35). Although nonanal was found in fresh and incubated sweat samples, no EAG activity was observed in Anopheles gambiae (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute olfactory response of Culex mosquitoes to a human- and bird-derived attractant

Syed

Leal

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

251

211

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West Nile virus, which is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes while feeding on birds and humans, has emerged as the dominant vector borne disease in North America. We have identified natural compounds from humans and birds, which are detected with extreme sensitivity by olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) on the antennae of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (Cx. quinquefasciatus). One of these semiochemicals, nonanal, dominates the odorant spectrum of pigeons, chickens, and humans from various ethnic backgrounds. We determined the specificity and sensitivity of all ORN types housed in different sensilla types on Cx. quinquefasciatus antennae. Here, we present a comprehensive map of all antennal ORNs coding natural ligands and their dose-response functions. Nonanal is detected by a large array of sensilla and is by far the most potent stimulus; thus, supporting the assumption that Cx. quinquefasciatus can smell humans and birds. Nonanal and CO2 synergize, thus, leading to significantly higher catches of Culex mosquitoes in traps baited with binary than in those with individual lures.bird odorants ͉ human odorants across different ethnicities ͉ nonanal-baited traps ͉ semiochemicals ͉ single sensillum recordings

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“…It is noteworthy that 2-ethyl-1-hexanol is a precursor of the common plasticiser dioctyl phthalate (Thorat et al 1992) and may, therefore, be an artefact or pollutant. However The ketone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, has also been shown to regulate differential attraction of C. impunctatus (Logan et al 2009) and of the mosquito Aedes egypti (Logan et al 2008) to humans, as well as of the horn fly, Heamatobia irritans, to cattle (Birkett et al 2004). Similar to these studies, we observed attraction, behavioral inhibition or nonpreference depending on the concentration tested.…”

Section: Behavioral Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Cattle-Derived Volatiles that Modulate the Behavioral Response of the Biting Midge Culicoides nubeculosus

et al. 2015

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Identification of host-derived volatiles is an important step towards the development of novel surveillance and control tools for Culicoides biting midges. In this study, we identified compounds from headspace collections of cattle hair and urine that modulate the behavioral response of Culicoides nubeculosus, a research model species with a similar hostrange as the vectors of Bluetongue disease and Schmallenberg disease in Europe. Combined gas chromatography and electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis revealed 23 bioactive compounds, of which 17, together with octanal, were evaluated in a two-choice behavioral assay in the presence of CO2. Decanal, 2-phenylethanal, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-ethylhexanol, 3-methylindole, phenol, and 3-ethylphenol elicited attraction of host seeking C. nubeculosus, whereas heptanal, octanal, nonanal, 3-propylphenol, and 4-action to CO2, when compared to CO2 alone. 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 3-methylphenol, 4-methylphenol, and 4-ethylphenol elicited both attraction and inhibition. The behavioral responses were dependent on the concentration tested. Our results show that cattle-derived odors have the potential to be used for the manipulation of the behavior of Culicoides biting midges.

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Identification of Human-Derived Volatile Chemicals that Interfere with Attraction of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

Cited by 218 publications

References 41 publications

Mosquitoes smell and avoid the insect repellent DEET

Mosquitoes smell and avoid the insect repellent DEET

Acute olfactory response of Culex mosquitoes to a human- and bird-derived attractant

Identification of Cattle-Derived Volatiles that Modulate the Behavioral Response of the Biting Midge Culicoides nubeculosus

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