Identification of hydroxy fatty acid and triacylglycerol metabolism-related genes in lesquerella through seed transcriptome analysis

Kim, Hyun-Uk; Chen, Grace Qianhong

doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1413-8

Cited by 38 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…In addition, the above findings from our study are also consistent with the results from other studies that show that LPAT mainly catalyzes TAG synthesis for seed storage,except for participation in the synthesis of membrane lipids in eukaryotes[ 21 , 69 ]. Many studies have demonstrated that LPAT overexpression in the model plant Arabidopsis leads to a significant increase in seed oil content.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Gene AhLPAT2 Increases the Lipid Content of Transgenic Arabidopsis Seeds

Chen

Lei

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAT), which converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to phosphatidic acid (PA), catalyzes the addition of fatty acyl moieties to the sn-2 position of the LPA glycerol backbone in triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis. We recently reported the cloning and temporal-spatial expression of a peanut (Arachis hypogaea) AhLPAT2gene, showing that an increase in AhLPAT2 transcript levels was closely correlated with an increase in seed oil levels. However, the function of the enzyme encoded by the AhLPAT2 gene remains unclear. Here, we report that AhLPAT2 transcript levels were consistently higher in the seeds of a high-oil cultivar than in those of a low-oil cultivar across different seed developmental stages. Seed-specific overexpression of AhLPAT2 in Arabidopsis results in a higher percentage of oil in the seeds and greater-than-average seed weight in the transgenic plants compared with the wild-type plants, leading to a significant increase in total oil yield per plant. The total fatty acid (FA) content and the proportion of unsaturated FAs also increased. In the developing siliques of AhLPAT2-overexpressing plants, the expression levels of genes encoding crucial enzymes involved in de novo FA synthesis, acetyl-CoA subunit (AtBCCP2) and acyl carrier protein 1 (AtACP1) were elevated. AhLPAT2 overexpression also promoted the expression of several key genes related to TAG assembly, sucrose metabolism, and glycolysis. These results demonstrate that the expression of AhLPAT2 plays an important role in glycerolipid production in peanuts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Gene AhLPAT2 Increases the Lipid Content of Transgenic Arabidopsis Seeds

Chen

Lei

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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“…Indeed, in Physaria, DGAT1 was the most highly expressed acyltransferase gene in early developmental stages as HFAs were starting to accumulate (Figure ). Two DGAT1 isoforms were identified by RNA‐Seq (also observed by Kim and Chen, ). The fact that the DGAT1‐1 isoform was the most highly expressed (Figures f,l and , and Figure S9) and also possessed more Physaria‐specific amino acid alterations strongly suggests that Physaria DGAT1‐1 co‐evolved to generate HFA‐TAG molecules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Expression of DGAT1, encoding the acyltransferase most often associated with the bulk of TAG production in most oilseeds, was increased 1.6-2.5-fold in Physaria compared with Camelina, and followed a similar temporal expression profile throughout all developmental stages. Upon further sequence inspection, Physaria was found to express two DGAT1-like isoforms (also observed by Kim and Chen, 2015), sharing 89% amino acid identity. Mean expresssion of DGAT1-1 was eightfold higher than that of the other isoform (DGAT1-2) ( Figure 6f).…”

Section: Accumulation Of Hfas Is Associated With Several Adaptations mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Unexpectedly, expression of the extra-plastidial x3 FA desaturase FAD3 was dramatically higher in Physaria than in WT-Camelina (10-40-fold, Figure 4b) making it one of the most highly expressed lipid biosynthesis genes at stage 3. It was also observed to be highly expressed by Kim and Chen (2015). Remarkably, the plastidial x3 desaturase FAD8 ( Figure 4c) was also highly expressed in Physaria, at levels up to 400 times that in WT-Camelina, in contrast to other plastidial desaturases such as the x6 desaturase gene FAD6 Figure S7).…”

Section: Alterations In Physaria Fa Desaturases and Elongases Are Assmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In contrast to most other oilseed transcriptome studies (e.g. Lu et al, 2006;Troncoso-Ponce et al, 2011;Brown et al, 2012;Liang et al, 2013;Tong et al, 2013;Mudalkar et al, 2014;Kim and Chen, 2015), this study compared very closely related species and considered both protein sequence and expression level changes. This allowed us to more stringently identify the wide scope of changes associated with evolution of unusual fatty acid accumulation in seeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of multiple lipid genes with modifications in expression and sequence associated with the evolution of hydroxy fatty acid accumulation in Physaria fendleri

et al. 2016

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Two Brassicaceae species, Physaria fendleri and Camelina sativa, are genetically very closely related to each other and to Arabidopsis thaliana. Physaria fendleri seeds contain over 50% hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs), while Camelina sativa and Arabidopsis do not accumulate HFAs. To better understand how plants evolved new biochemical pathways with the capacity to accumulate high levels of unusual fatty acids, transcript expression and protein sequences of developing seeds of Physaria fendleri, wild-type Camelina sativa, and Camelina sativa expressing a castor bean (Ricinus communis) hydroxylase were analyzed. A number of potential evolutionary adaptations within lipid metabolism that probably enhance HFA production and accumulation in Physaria fendleri, and, in their absence, limit accumulation in transgenic tissues were revealed. These adaptations occurred in at least 20 genes within several lipid pathways from the onset of fatty acid synthesis and its regulation to the assembly of triacylglycerols. Lipid genes of Physaria fendleri appear to have co-evolved through modulation of transcriptional abundances and alterations within protein sequences. Only a handful of genes showed evidence for sequence adaptation through gene duplication. Collectively, these evolutionary changes probably occurred to minimize deleterious effects of high HFA amounts and/or to enhance accumulation for physiological advantage. These results shed light on the evolution of pathways for novel fatty acid production in seeds, help explain some of the current limitations to accumulation of HFAs in transgenic plants, and may provide improved strategies for future engineering of their production.

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Transgenic Oils

Durrett¹

2020

Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products

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Genetic engineering (GE) technology offers a powerful tool for developing a broad range of oils with specialized compositions useful for different food and industrial applications. Such oils could contain modified ratios of endogenous fatty acids, or even unusual fatty acids and lipids, produced through the transgenic expression of biosynthetic genes from other species. However, GE technology has mostly been limited to crop input traits such as herbicide tolerance and insect resistance. As this article will discuss, only recently have high oleic acid soybeans with transgenically modified oil compositions been grown on a commercial basis. For the most part, the synthesis of unusual fatty acids with useful functional groups only results in the accumulation of low levels of the desired product in the transgenic seed. The continually improving knowledge of fatty acid biosynthesis and triacylglycerol assembly in oilseeds will be explored. This knowledge, combined with new systems and synthetic biology approaches, promises to overcome biological bottlenecks limiting the production of unusual fatty acids in transgenic oilseeds. This article will also describe the regulatory and economic barriers that likely present significant barriers to the widespread adoption of novel oils with altered output traits. As discussed, new business models for the commercial production of specialized industrial oils will therefore need to be considered.

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Identification of hydroxy fatty acid and triacylglycerol metabolism-related genes in lesquerella through seed transcriptome analysis

Cited by 38 publications

References 91 publications

The Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Gene AhLPAT2 Increases the Lipid Content of Transgenic Arabidopsis Seeds

The Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Gene AhLPAT2 Increases the Lipid Content of Transgenic Arabidopsis Seeds

Identification of multiple lipid genes with modifications in expression and sequence associated with the evolution of hydroxy fatty acid accumulation in Physaria fendleri

Transgenic Oils

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