Identification of<i>tdh</i>-positive<i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>from an outbreak associated with raw oyster consumption in Spain

Lozano-León, Antonio; Torres, Joan; Osorio, Carlos R.; Martı́nez-Urtaza, Jaime

doi:10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00604-9

Cited by 127 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The displacement of the density fronts towards the interior of the rias during downwelling periods may represent an important supply of oceanic zooplankton and a parallel source of V. parahaemolyticus populations attached to the zooplankton. Coincidentally, one of the largest V. parahaemolyticus outbreaks detected in Europe occurred in Galicia in 1999(Lozano-Leon et al, 2003 and was concurrent with the incursion in the rias of warm tropical waters and the presence of large patches of zooplankton (Baker-Austin et al, 2010). Similar oceanographic conditions have been observed to be related to large outbreaks of V. parahaemolyticus in Peru (Martinez-Urtaza et al, V. parahaemolyticus counts were observed in the present study to increase in parallel to increased zooplankton density, measured as the number of individuals per cubic metre of water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological determinants of the occurrence and dynamics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in offshore areas

et al. 2011

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The life cycle of Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been conventionally associated with estuarine areas characterized by moderate salinity and warm seawater temperatures. Recent evidence suggests that the distribution and population dynamics of V. parahaemolyticus may be shaped by the existence of an oceanic transport of communities of this organism mediated by zooplankton. To evaluate this possibility, the presence of V. parahaemolyticus in the water column of offshore areas of Galicia was investigated by PCR monthly over an 18-month period. Analysis of zooplankton and seawater showed that the occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus in offshore areas was almost exclusively associated with zooplankton and was present in 80% of the samples. The influence of environmental factors assessed by generalized additive models revealed that the abundance and seasonality of V. parahaemolyticus in zooplankton was favoured by the concurrence of downwelling periods that promoted the zooplankton patchiness. These results confirm that offshore waters may be common habitats for V. parahaemolyticus, including strains with virulent traits. Additionally, genetically related populations were found in offshore zooplankton and in estuaries dispersed along 1500 km. This finding suggests that zooplankton may operate as a vehicle for oceanic dispersal of V. parahaemolyticus populations, connecting distant regions and habitats, and thereby producing impacts on the local community demography and the spread of Vibrio-related diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological determinants of the occurrence and dynamics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in offshore areas

et al. 2011

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“…However, to date these investigations have only sought to detect or enumerate V. parahaemolyticus, without any further characterization. V. parahaemolyticus was isolated in 1999 from a large outbreak in Vigo, Spain (Galicia region of Spain), associated with raw oyster consumption (21). This was a period when a newly emerged O3:K6 clone of V. parahaemolyticus was making a pandemic spread from Asia to North America.…”

Section: Vol 42 2004 Characterization Of V Parahaemolyticus From Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main vehicle of infection is raw or partially cooked seafood (12). In Europe, disease caused by V. parahaemolyticus is rarely reported (21). The most important outbreak occurred in France and was related to the consumption of seafood imported from Asia (19).…”

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Characterization of Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates from Clinical Sources in Spain and Comparison with Asian and North American Pandemic Isolates

et al. 2004

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In spite of the potential risk involved with contamination of seafood with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, there is a lack of information on the occurrence of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in Europe. This organism was isolated in 1999 from a large outbreak (64 cases admitted to a single hospital) associated with raw oyster consumption in Galicia, Spain, one of the most important regions in shellfish production worldwide. Two V. parahaemolyticus isolates from the 1999 Galicia outbreak, three additional clinical isolates obtained in the same period from hospitals in Spain, two reference strains from clinical sources, and five Spanish environmental isolates were examined. Seventeen isolates belonging to the pandemic clone isolated in Asia and North America were included in the study for comparison. All isolates were characterized by serotyping, PCR for virulence-related genes, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and plasmid analysis. Four of the five clinical isolates from hospitals in Spain belonged to serotype O4:K11; the remaining isolate was O4:K untypeable (KUT). All five isolates were positive for V. parahaemolyticus toxR and tlh (species-specific genes) and tdh and negative for trh and group-specific PCR (a PCR method for detection of the pandemic clone). PFGE analysis with NotI and SfiI discriminated the European isolates in two closely related PFGE types included in a homogeneous cluster, clearly differentiated from the Asian and North American isolates. The five environmental isolates belonged to serotypes O2:K28, O2:KUT, O3:K53, O4:KUT, and O8:K22 and were negative for all virulence genes. The five isolates were discriminated into five different PFGE types unrelated to any other isolate included in the study. While the virulence characteristics (tdh positive, trh negative) of the Spanish clinical isolates matched those of the O3:K6 clone from Asia and North America, they were clearly excluded from this clone by group-specific PCR, PFGE, and serotyping. The results of this study suggest that a unique and specific clone could be related to the V. parahaemolyticus infections in Europe.

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“…Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a slightly halophilic marine bacterium, is a major cause of food poisoning in Japan (Obata et al, 2001;WHO, 1999;Yamazaki et al, 2003) and many other countries (Cabanillas-Beltran et al, 2006;CDC, 2006;Lozano-Leon et al, 2003;McLaughlin et al, 2005;Sen et al, 2007;Su et al, 2005a). The organism has some peculiar physiological characteristics, such as a very fast growth rate, a Na + requirement for growth (Baumann & Schubert, 1984) and an ability to live in diverse environments including brackish water (Kumazawa & Kato, 1985), on estuarine algae (Kumazawa et al, 1991), and in mammalian hosts, including humans (Yamamoto & Yokota, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VmeAB, an RND-type multidrug efflux transporter in Vibrio parahaemolyticus

et al. 2007

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Genes vmeA and vmeB, encoding a multidrug efflux transporter in the halophilic bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus, have been cloned using a drug-hypersusceptible Escherichia coli strain as the host. Cells of E. coli KAM33 (DacrAB DydhE) carrying the vmeAB region from V. parahaemolyticus conferred much higher MICs for a variety of antimicrobial agents than did control cells. Cells possessing VmeAB under energized conditions maintained very low intracellular concentrations of ethidium. This was as expected for an energy-dependent efflux system, and supports the notion -based on sequence homology -that VmeAB belongs to the resistance nodulation cell division (RND) family of multidrug efflux transporters. It is likely that VmeAB forms functional complexes with the outer-membrane protein TolC in E. coli, because introduction of vmeAB into cells of E. coli KAM43, which lacks the tolC gene, failed to elevate the MICs for any of the antimicrobial agents tested. Therefore, a V. parahaemolyticus homologue of tolC was also cloned, designated vpoC, and was introduced together with vmeAB into cells of E. coli KAM43. The MICs of all agents tested were raised and were comparable to the values observed in E. coli KAM33 harbouring a plasmid carrying vmeAB. Finally, a vmeAB-deficient mutant of V. parahaemolyticus was constructed (designated TM3). TM3 showed slightly higher susceptibility than the parental V. parahaemolyticus to some antimicrobial agents. Survival rate of the TM3 when exposed to deoxycholate decreased compared with that of the parent. INTRODUCTIONVibrio parahaemolyticus, a slightly halophilic marine bacterium, is a major cause of food poisoning in Japan (Obata et al., 2001; WHO, 1999;Yamazaki et al., 2003) and many other countries (Cabanillas-Beltran et al., 2006; CDC, 2006;Lozano-Leon et al., 2003;McLaughlin et al., 2005; Sen et al., 2007;Su et al., 2005a). The organism has some peculiar physiological characteristics, such as a very fast growth rate, a Na + requirement for growth (Baumann & Schubert, 1984) and an ability to live in diverse environments including brackish water (Kumazawa & Kato, 1985), on estuarine algae (Kumazawa et al., 1991), and in mammalian hosts, including humans (Yamamoto & Yokota, 1989).In achieving human infection, V. parahaemolyticus survives in the intestine and especially in the duodenum, where bile acids and their conjugates are abundant. Bile acids are anionic detergents and support the digestion of fats in the intestine. In addition, bile has bactericidal effects due to its membrane-solvent property (Provenzano et al., 2000). Thus, bile resistance of enteropathogenic bacteria is thought to be important for their survival in the intestine. Some enteropathogenic bacteria have been shown to possess systems to protect from the actions of bile. In the case of Vibrio cholerae, the outer-membrane component TolC Vc , which had already been identified as a component of some multidrug efflux transporters (sometimes called multidrug efflux pumps), was found to contribute to resistance to bile,...

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Identification oftdh-positiveVibrio parahaemolyticusfrom an outbreak associated with raw oyster consumption in Spain

Cited by 127 publications

References 9 publications

Ecological determinants of the occurrence and dynamics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in offshore areas

Ecological determinants of the occurrence and dynamics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in offshore areas

Characterization of Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates from Clinical Sources in Spain and Comparison with Asian and North American Pandemic Isolates

VmeAB, an RND-type multidrug efflux transporter in Vibrio parahaemolyticus

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