Identification of key tissue type for antler regeneration through pedicle periosteum deletion

Li, Chunyi; Mackintosh, C.G.; Martin, Shirley K.; Clark, Dawn E.

doi:10.1007/s00441-006-0333-y

Cited by 59 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The view that antler regeneration depends on the pedicle periosteum has recently been strongly supported by experimental evidence. Thus, deletion of the periosteum from the pedicle of red deer precluded antler regeneration or delayed this process until after the pedicle periosteum had regenerated (Li et al, 2007a). Gruber (1937), based on a study in roe deer, suggested that cells originating from the marrow spaces of the pedicle bone also contribute to the regenerating antler.…”

Section: Basic Aspects Of Antler Regeneration and Comparison With Limmentioning

confidence: 96%

Deer antler regeneration: Cells, concepts, and controversies

Kierdorf

Szuwart

2007

Journal of Morphology

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The periodic replacement of antlers is an exceptional regenerative process in mammals, which in general are unable to regenerate complete body appendages. Antler regeneration has traditionally been viewed as an epimorphic process closely resembling limb regeneration in urodele amphibians, and the terminology of the latter process has also been applied to antler regeneration. More recent studies, however, showed that, unlike urodele limb regeneration, antler regeneration does not involve cell dedifferentiation and the formation of a blastema from these dedifferentiated cells. Rather, these studies suggest that antler regeneration is a stem-cell-based process that depends on the periodic activation of, presumably neural-crest-derived, periosteal stem cells of the distal pedicle. The evidence for this hypothesis is reviewed and as a result, a new concept of antler regeneration as a process of stem-cell-based epimorphic regeneration is proposed that does not involve cell dedifferentiation or transdifferentiation. Antler regeneration illustrates that extensive appendage regeneration in a postnatal mammal can be achieved by a developmental process that differs in several fundamental aspects from limb regeneration in urodeles.

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Section: Basic Aspects Of Antler Regeneration and Comparison With Limmentioning

confidence: 96%

Deer antler regeneration: Cells, concepts, and controversies

Kierdorf

Szuwart

2007

Journal of Morphology

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“…In conclusion, cell dedifferentiation is likely one regeneration strategy in adult S. macrurus, but it is not a requirement in the regeneration of skeletal muscle and the musclederived electric organ. Similarly, the incidence of tissue-specific stem cells contributing to the blastema in adults has been reported in limb regeneration in urodele amphibians (Morrison et al, 2006) and antler regeneration in deer (Li et al, 2007). These reports emphasize the significance of investigating a broad range of species in order to expand our knowledge on the different strategies used to restore lost tissues and assess the extent to which the identified cellular and molecular mechanisms that produce new cells are conserved across different groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…For example, generation of reliable cell markers have led to recent findings that resident, tissuespecific stem cells also respond to injury and contribute to blastema formation in some vertebrate species (Li et al, 2007;Morrison et al, 2006;Poss et al, 2003;Singh et al, 2012;Weber et al, 2012). Hence, the extent to which cell dedifferentiation versus stem cell activation occurs in response to injury in vertebrates warrants further investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric fish: new insights into conserved processes of adult tissue regeneration

Unguez

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SummaryBiology is replete with examples of regeneration, the process that allows animals to replace or repair cells, tissues and organs. As on land, vertebrates in aquatic environments experience the occurrence of injury with varying frequency and to different degrees. Studies demonstrate that ray-finned fishes possess a very high capacity to regenerate different tissues and organs when they are adults. Among fishes that exhibit robust regenerative capacities are the neotropical electric fishes of South America (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes). Specifically, adult gymnotiform electric fishes can regenerate injured brain and spinal cord tissues and restore amputated body parts repeatedly. We have begun to identify some aspects of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of tail regeneration in the weakly electric fish Sternopygus macrurus (long-tailed knifefish) with a focus on regeneration of skeletal muscle and the muscle-derived electric organ. Application of in vivo microinjection techniques and generation of myogenic stem cell markers are beginning to overcome some of the challenges owing to the limitations of working with non-genetic animal models with extensive regenerative capacity. This review highlights some aspects of tail regeneration in S. macrurus and discusses the advantages of using gymnotiform electric fishes to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that produce new cells during regeneration in adult vertebrates.

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“…Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the mesenchymal growth zones of the main beam and the brow tine of red deer form very early during the regeneration process by a local thickening of the PP [42] . That cells of the PP are responsible for antler regeneration has also been supported experimentally [57] . Thus, surgical removal of the PP in red deer stags either inhibited antler regeneration throughout the following antler growth season or delayed the process until after the PP had regenerated.…”

Section: Histo-and Morphogenesis Of the Regenerating Antlermentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Thus, surgical removal of the PP in red deer stags either inhibited antler regeneration throughout the following antler growth season or delayed the process until after the PP had regenerated. Since in this experiment the pedicles had been cut about 1 cm below the antler/ pedicle junction and the cut surface sealed with bone wax, participation of cells derived from the pedicle bone proper (as opposed to the PP) in the regeneration process could be largely excluded [57] .…”

Section: Histo-and Morphogenesis Of the Regenerating Antlermentioning

confidence: 99%

Deer Antlers – A Model of Mammalian Appendage Regeneration: An Extensive Review

Kierdorf

2010

Gerontology

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Background: Compared with other vertebrate taxa, mammals possess a very limited capacity for appendage regeneration. The antlers of deer are an exception in that they are periodically lost and fully regenerated throughout the life of an individual. Objective: In this paper we compare certain aspects of antler regeneration with regenerative processes in other vertebrates. Methods: Review of the literature. Results: Recent studies suggest that antler regeneration is a stem cell-based process and that these stem cells are located in the pedicle periosteum. There is evidence that signaling pathways known to operate during appendage regeneration in other vertebrates are also activated during antler regeneration. There are, however, also differences between antlers and other systems of epimorphic regeneration. Thus, contrary to amphibian limb regeneration, signaling from the wound epidermis appears not to be of crucial importance for antler regeneration. Healing of the casting wound typically involves no or only minor scarring, making antlers interesting subjects for researchers attempting to reduce scar formation during wound healing in humans. The fact that despite their enormous growth rate the antlers of intact and castrated deer appear to be resistant to malignant transformation furthermore offers research opportunities for cancer biology. Conclusions: Studying antler renewal as an example of mammalian appendage regeneration may provide crucial information for regenerative medicine to achieve its ultimate goal of stimulating limb regeneration in humans. A deeper understanding of the developmental mechanisms involved in antler renewal can also be useful for controlling induced regeneration processes in mammals.

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Identification of key tissue type for antler regeneration through pedicle periosteum deletion

Cited by 59 publications

References 13 publications

Deer antler regeneration: Cells, concepts, and controversies

Deer antler regeneration: Cells, concepts, and controversies

Electric fish: new insights into conserved processes of adult tissue regeneration

Deer Antlers – A Model of Mammalian Appendage Regeneration: An Extensive Review

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