Identification of lichen substances by a standardized high-performance liquid chromatographic method

Feige, G. B.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Huneck, Siegfried; Elix, John A.

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(93)83356-w

Cited by 237 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, those corresponding to major phenolics completely disappeared. The relative retention time of this new substance with respect to that of evernic acid and atranorin was almost identical to that found by Feige et al 23 for methyl-3-orsellinate, presumably accumulated in the bath medium as a consequence of the inhibition of a specific oxydase by sodium azide (Scheme 9). …”

Section: Bioproduction Of Methyl-3-orsellinate By Immobilized Lichen supporting

confidence: 84%

“…Organic extracts were mixed and dried in air flow. The residue was redisolved in 2.0 ml methanol and analyzed by HPLC, according to Feige et al 23 , using a Varian 5060 liquid chromatograph equipped with a Vista CDS 415 computer. A reverse phase MCH-10, 5 µm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm column was used.…”

Section: Bioproduction Of Methyl-3-orsellinate By Immobilized Lichen mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of methyl-3-orsellinate by organic synthesis or by altered biosynthetic pathways using lichen immobilisates

Filho¹,

Pereira²,

Vicente³

et al. 2004

Arkivoc

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Methyl-3-orsellinate can be generated from methyl-3-orcinol through the nitration of aryl function to be then reduced to amine group. This last derivative could be the substrat of a diazotonization for the corresponding diazonium salt. After this, a cyanide group could be introduced by nucleophilic substitution using potassium cyanide and then, the carboxyl function could be produced after hydrolysis. Alternatively, methyl-3-orsellinate could be produced by alginate-immobilized, atranorin-producing lichen cells loaded with acetate and treated with sodium azide. Acetate is used by acetyl-CoA carboxylase and aromatic synthase (methyl transfer) to produce methyl-3-orsellinate and its oxidation to haematommoyl alcohol is inhibited by sodium azide.

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Section: Bioproduction Of Methyl-3-orsellinate By Immobilized Lichen supporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Bioproduction Of Methyl-3-orsellinate By Immobilized Lichen mentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of methyl-3-orsellinate by organic synthesis or by altered biosynthetic pathways using lichen immobilisates

Filho¹,

Pereira²,

Vicente³

et al. 2004

Arkivoc

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show abstract

“…From our results, it could be concluded that Gram-positive bacilli are inhibited effectively in general. High-performance liquid chromatographic has become more widely used as an effective analytical tool for the separation and identification of lichen substances (Feige et al, 1993). Several publications deal with the identification of lichen substances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flow rate was 0.8 mL=min. For usnic acid detection at 245 nm, a methanol phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) (70:30 v=v) was used as a mobile phase (Feige et al, 1993). Aliquots of the extracts, (20 mL) were injected into the HPLC system.…”

Section: Analytical Conditions and Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

HPLC Analysis of Usnic Acid in SomeRamalina. Species from Anatolia and Investigation of their Antimicrobial Activities

Cansaran

Atakol

Halıcı

et al. 2007

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Five species of lichens, Ramalina fastigiata (Pers.) Ach., Ramalina capitata, (Ach.) Nyl., Ramaliana polymorpha (Lilj.) Ach., Ramalina pollinaria (Westr.) Ach., and Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach., belonging to family Ramalinacae were collected from middle Anatolia, Ankara, Antalya, Karabü k, and Kayseri in Turkey. Their usnic acid amounts were determined by HPLC in acetone extracts. Furthermore, antimicrobial activities of these extracts were determined against Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218), Enterococcus faecalis (RSKK 508), Proteus mirabilis (Pasteur Ens. 235), Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus megaterium. It was observed that, as the usnic acid amount increased, the antimicrobial activities were increased. Results pointed out that usnic acid contents of Ramalina species varied between 0.13% and 3.23% dry weight.

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“…Additionally, high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), especially in conjunction with a UV detector, is also a widely used method in the analysis of a variety of lichen compounds (e.g. Feige et al, 1993;Gupta et al, 2007;Nybakken et al, 2007). However, for the analysis of trace amounts of possibly unknown compounds, a mass spectrometer (MS) would be a more suitable option, and the HPLC-MS method has recently been used to detect pigments from approximately 200 Ma old crinoid fossils (Wolkenstein, 2015).…”

Section: Analysing the Lichen Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lichen preservation in amber: morphology, ultrastructure, chemofossils, and taphonomic alteration

Hartl¹,

Schmidt²,

Heinrichs³

et al. 2015

Foss. Rec.

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Abstract. The fossil record of lichens is scarce and many putative fossil lichens do not show an actual physiological relationship between mycobionts and photobionts or a typical habit, and are therefore disputed. Amber has preserved a huge variety of organisms in microscopic fidelity, and so the study of amber fossils is promising for elucidating the fossil history of lichens. However, so far it has not been tested as to how amber inclusions of lichens are preserved regarding their internal characters, ultrastructure, and chemofossils. Here, we apply light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Raman spectroscopy to an amber-preserved Eocene lichen in order to gain information about the preservation of the fossil. The lichen thallus displays lifelike tissue preservation including the upper and lower cortex, medulla, photobiont layer, apothecia, and soredia. SEM analysis revealed globular photobiont cells in contact with the fungal hyphae, as well as impressions of possible former crystals of lichen compounds. EDX analysis permitted the differentiation between halite and pyrite crystals inside the lichen which were likely formed during the later diagenesis of the amber piece. Raman spectroscopy revealed the preservation of organic compounds and a difference between the composition of the cortex and the medulla of the fossil.

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Identification of lichen substances by a standardized high-performance liquid chromatographic method

Cited by 237 publications

References 15 publications

Production of methyl-3-orsellinate by organic synthesis or by altered biosynthetic pathways using lichen immobilisates

Production of methyl-3-orsellinate by organic synthesis or by altered biosynthetic pathways using lichen immobilisates

HPLC Analysis of Usnic Acid in SomeRamalina. Species from Anatolia and Investigation of their Antimicrobial Activities

Lichen preservation in amber: morphology, ultrastructure, chemofossils, and taphonomic alteration

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