Identification of multiple somatostatin receptors in the rat somatosensory cortex during development

Bologna, Evelina; Leroux, Philippe

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(20000515)420:4<466::aid-cne5>3.0.co;2-w

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…We found that SST interneurons and VIP interneurons expressed all five SSTR subtypes, with some laminar specificity. Interestingly, PV interneurons did not express SSTR2, one of the predominant somatostatin receptors in the cerebral cortex (Bologna and Leroux 2000). The presence of all five SSTRs has been previously demonstrated in the cortex (reviewed in Csaba and Dournaud 2001) and our results nicely complement those earlier observations, as we have shown that particular SSTRs have a specific distribution within the barrel cortex of mice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The presence of all five SSTRs has been previously demonstrated in the cortex (reviewed in Csaba and Dournaud 2001) and our results nicely complement those earlier observations, as we have shown that particular SSTRs have a specific distribution within the barrel cortex of mice. It was shown that SSTR1 and SSTR2 are two of the most predominant SSTRs in the human and rat cerebral cortices (Bologna and Leroux 2000;Kumar 2005). We observed much higher intensity of SSTR1 than SSTR2 signal in the superficial layers, while SSTR3-5 presented more even distribution throughout the cortex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

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Somatostatin receptors (SSTR1-5) on inhibitory interneurons in the barrel cortex

et al. 2019

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Inhibitory interneurons in the cerebral cortex contain specific proteins or peptides characteristic for a certain interneuron subtype. In mice, three biochemical markers constitute non-overlapping interneuron populations, which account for 80-90% of all inhibitory cells. These interneurons express parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). SST is not only a marker of a specific interneuron subtype, but also an important neuropeptide that participates in numerous biochemical and signalling pathways in the brain via somatostatin receptors (SSTR1-5). In the nervous system, SST acts as a neuromodulator and neurotransmitter affecting, among others, memory, learning, and mood. In the sensory cortex, the co-localisation of GABA and SST is found in approximately 30% of interneurons. Considering the importance of interactions between inhibitory interneurons in cortical plasticity and the possible GABA and SST co-release, it seems important to investigate the localisation of different SSTRs on cortical interneurons. Here, we examined the distribution of SSTR1-5 on barrel cortex interneurons containing PV, SST, or VIP. Immunofluorescent staining using specific antibodies was performed on brain sections from transgenic mice that expressed red fluorescence in one specific interneuron subtype (PV-Ai14, SST-Ai14, and VIP-Ai14 mice). SSTRs expression on PV, SST, and VIP interneurons varied among the cortical layers and we found two patterns of SSTRs distribution in L4 of barrel cortex. We also demonstrated that, in contrast to other interneurons, PV cells did not express SSTR2, but expressed other SSTRs. SST interneurons, which were not found to make chemical synapses among themselves, expressed all five SSTR subtypes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Somatostatin receptors (SSTR1-5) on inhibitory interneurons in the barrel cortex

et al. 2019

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“…Although these neurons are defined by their expression of the neuropeptide somatostatin, and somatostatin receptors are widely expressed in cortical tissues (particularly somatostatin receptor 4, which is highly expressed in CA1 pyramidal neurons and deep layers of the cortex), the specific conditions under which this peptide might be released have not yet been elucidated 20 . In general, activation of somatostatin receptors has an inhibitory effect, suppressing neuronal firing 21–23 .…”

Section: Classifying Cortical Sst Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatostatin-expressing neurons in cortical networks

2016

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Somatostatin-expressing GABAergic neurons constitute a major class of inhibitory neurons in the mammalian cortex and are characterized by dense wiring into the local network and high basal firing activity that persists in the absence of synaptic input. This firing provides both GABA type A receptor (GABAAR)- and GABABR-mediated inhibition that operates at fast and slow timescales. The activity of somatostatin-expressing neurons is regulated by brain state, during learning and in rewarded behaviour. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of how this class of cells can control network activity, with specific reference to how this is constrained by their anatomical and electrophysiological properties.

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“…If in fact the reduced NT binding represents a physiologically relevant process, one plausible explanation would be that NT receptors in the hypothalamus during the postnatal period are down-regulated. Alternatively, the observed low levels of these binding sites could be explained by the fact that the synthesis of high-affinity NT receptors in fetuses and newborns is delayed in the posterior hypothalamus as has been reported for somatostatin receptors (Bologna and Leroux, 2000). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Developmental dynamics of neurotensin binding sites in the human hypothalamus during the first postnatal year

Najimi

Sarrieau

Kopp

et al. 2014

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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The aim of the present study was to determine a detailed mapping of neurotensin (NT) in the human hypothalamus, during the first postnatal year using an in vitro quantitative autoradiography technique and the selective radioligand monoiodo-Tyr3-NT. Ten human postmortem hypothalami obtained from control neonates and infants (aged from 2 h to 1 year of postnatal age) were used. The biochemical kinetics of the binding in all obtained in this study revealed that the binding affinity constants were of high affinity (in the nanomolar range) and did not differ significantly between all cases investigated. Furthermore, competition experiments show insensitivity to levocabastine and were in favor of the presence of the high affinity site of NT receptor. Autoradiographic distribution showed that NT binding sites were widely distributed throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the hypothalamus. However, the distribution of NT binding sites was not homogenous and regional variations exist. In general, the highest densities were mainly present in the anterior hypothalamic level, particularly in the preoptic area. High NT binding site densities are also present at the mediobasal hypothalamic level, particularly in the paraventricular, parafornical, and dorsomedial nuclei. At the posterior level, low to very low densities could be observed in all the mammillary complex subdivisions, as well as the posterior hypothalamic area. Although this topographical distribution is almost identical during the postnatal period analyzed, age-related variations exist in discrete structures of the hypothalamus. The densities were higher in neonates/less aged infants than older infants in preoptic area (medial and lateral parts). The developmental profile is characterized by a progressive decrease from the neonate period to 1 year of postnatal age with a tendency to reach adult levels. On the other hand, the low levels of NT binding sites observed in posterior hypothalamus did not vary during the first postnatal year. They contrast in that with the very high levels we reported previously in adult. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the occurrence of high NT binding sites density in various structures in many regions in the human neonate/infant hypothalamus, involved in the control of neuroendocrine and/or neurovegetative functions.

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Identification of multiple somatostatin receptors in the rat somatosensory cortex during development

Cited by 11 publications

References 61 publications

Somatostatin receptors (SSTR1-5) on inhibitory interneurons in the barrel cortex

Somatostatin receptors (SSTR1-5) on inhibitory interneurons in the barrel cortex

Somatostatin-expressing neurons in cortical networks

Developmental dynamics of neurotensin binding sites in the human hypothalamus during the first postnatal year

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