“…Several reports have described the effect of natural antibacterial substances, including blueberry proanthocyanidins and commercial blueberry juice (Joshi et al, 2014), carvacrol and thymol (Lee & Jin, 2008), caprylic acid, citric acid, and vanillin (Choi, Kim, Lee, & Rhee, 2013), trans-cinnamaldehyde (Amalaradjou, Hoagland, & Venkitanarayanan, 2009), water-soluble muscadine seed extracts (Kim, Kim, & Jung, 2008) and red muscadine juice (Kim, Weng, Silva, Jung, & Marshall, 2010). However, in many cases, the antimicrobial effects of these plants substances were measured with a rehydrated infant milk formula (RIMF) model.…”