Identification of Neural Programmed Cell Death Through the Detection of DNA Fragmentation In Situ and by PCR

Yung, Yun C.; Kennedy, Grace; Chun, Jerold

doi:10.1002/0471142301.ns0308s48

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…These data support a mechanism of cell selection based on somatically generated genomic variation produced by aneuploidy [65, 66]. Within the developing murine brain, PCD eliminates cells to control cerebral cortical shape and size [67-71]. Blocking PCD, mediated by either the effector caspase-3 or the initiator caspase-9, produces severe exencephaly, an expanded ventricular zone, NPC hyperplasia, and death [72-78].…”

Section: Genomic Diversity In Cells Of the Normal Brain: Mosaic Anmentioning

confidence: 71%

The genomically mosaic brain: Aneuploidy and more in neural diversity and disease

Bushman

Chun

2013

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

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Genomically identical cells have long been assumed to comprise the human brain, with post-genomic mechanisms giving rise to its enormous diversity, complexity, and disease susceptibility. However, the identification of neural cells containing somatically generated mosaic aneuploidy – loss and/or gain of chromosomes from a euploid complement – and other genomic variations including LINE1 retrotransposons and regional patterns of DNA content variation (DCV), demonstrate that the brain is genomically heterogeneous. The precise phenotypes and functions produced by genomic mosaicism are not well understood, although the effects of constitutive aberrations, as observed in Down syndrome, implicate roles for defined mosaic genomes relevant to cellular survival, differentiation potential, stem cell biology, and brain organization. Here we discuss genomic mosaicism as a feature of the normal brain as well as a possible factor in the weak or complex genetic linkages observed for many of the most common forms of neurological and psychiatric diseases.

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Section: Genomic Diversity In Cells Of the Normal Brain: Mosaic Anmentioning

confidence: 71%

The genomically mosaic brain: Aneuploidy and more in neural diversity and disease

Bushman

Chun

2013

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

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“…During corticogenesis, programmed cell death can affect significant populations of developing cells (Blaschke et al, 1996; Blaschke et al, 1998; Yung et al, 2009). Culturing ex vivo cortices in LPA reduces cell death in an Lpar1 and Lpar2 dependent manner (Kingsbury et al, 2003).…”

Section: Lparsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in the Nervous System

Yung

Stoddard

Mirendil

et al. 2015

Neuron

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177

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Summary The brain is composed of many lipids with varied forms that serve not only as structural components but also as essential signaling molecules. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an important bioactive lipid species that is part of the lysophospholipid (LP) family. LPA is primarily derived from membrane phospholipids and signals through six cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), LPA1-6. These receptors are expressed on most cell types within central and peripheral nervous tissues and have been functionally linked to many neural processes and pathways. This review covers a current understanding of LPA signaling in the nervous system, with particular focus on the relevance of LPA to both physiological and diseased states.

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“…the extinction training context) 24 hours after extinction training and involved eight CS-only presentations. This context-shift procedure minimizes the effects of contextual fear conditioning on cued fear and extinction memory phenomena [15]. All behavioral sessions employed a 210s baseline period and 60s inter-trial intervals (ITI).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the single prolonged stress model

Keller

Schreiber

Staib

et al. 2015

Behavioural Brain Research

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Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating anxiety disorder resulting from traumatic stress exposure. Females are more likely to develop PTSD than males, but neurobiological mechanisms underlying female susceptibility are lacking. This can be addressed by using nonhuman animal models. Single prolonged stress (SPS), a nonhuman animal model of PTSD, results in cued fear extinction retention deficits and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) upregulation in male rats. These effects appear linked in the SPS model, as well as in PTSD. However, the effects of SPS on cued fear extinction retention and hippocampal GRs in female rats remain unknown. Thus, we examined sex differences in SPS-induced cued fear extinction retention deficits and hippocampal GR upregulation. SPS induced cued fear extinction retention deficits in male rats but not female rats. SPS enhanced GR levels in the dorsal hippocampus of female rats, but not male rats. SPS had no effects on ventral hippocampal GR levels, but ventral hippocampal GR levels were attenuated in female rats relative to males. These results suggest that female rats are more resilient to the effects of SPS. The results also suggest that GR upregulation and cued fear extinction retention deficits can be dissociated in the SPS model. Keywords: sex differences, stress, post traumatic stress disorder, extinction recall, fear, glucocorticoids

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Identification of Neural Programmed Cell Death Through the Detection of DNA Fragmentation In Situ and by PCR

Cited by 9 publications

References 56 publications

The genomically mosaic brain: Aneuploidy and more in neural diversity and disease

The genomically mosaic brain: Aneuploidy and more in neural diversity and disease

Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in the Nervous System

Sex differences in the single prolonged stress model

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