IDENTIFICATION OF NEW POLISH LINES OF Chenopodium quinoa (Willd.) BY SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF PIGMENTS AND A CONFIRMATION OF GENETIC STABILITY WITH SCoT AND RAPD MARKERS

Abstract

Identification of cultivars is essential both in breeding and to settle cultivar disputes. The purpose of the study has been to examine cultivar identities based on absorption spectra of plant pigments and to confirm a genetic stability with SCoT and RAPD molecular markers in new Polish lines of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Spectral analysis of pigments extracted from plant inflorescences in quinoa gives an opportunity to confirm the cultivar identity and identification of 'Faro' and 'Titicaca' cultivars and their new lines. Spectral analysis is an effective method of confirming cultivar identity and it should be used in practice for the identification of cultivars or cultivars lines in Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Analysis of molecular markers indicated by RAPD as well as SCoT technique revealed a high genetic stability of the derivative lines of 'Faro' and 'Titicaca', while variation was detected in plants representing original cultivars: banding pattern different than predominant was present in three plants of 'Titicaca' (genetic distnaces from 7.5% to 55.9%) and in a single plant of 'Faro'(genetic distance 61.2% as indicated by SCoT technique).

Nuclear DNA content as an indicator of inflorescence colour stability of in vitro propagated solid and chimera mutants of chrysanthemum

“…However, due to the use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and regeneration of plants via unstable callus, a genetic and, consequently, phenotypic variation in the in-vitro-derived plants have been reported (Miler and Zalewska 2014).…”

“…in the indirect organogenesis and indirect somatic embryogenesis methods (Teixeira da Silva et al 2015). Miler and Zalewska (2014), obtained new genotypes of Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum (syn. C. × morifolium) that were considerably different in inflorescence colour from the mother cultivars, using callus induced from leaves and internodes cultured in the medium supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).…”

“…For example, among plants obtained from 'Alchimist Tubular', in addition to those with silver violet inflorescences typical for this cultivar, there were three with golden brown inflorescences and one that was golden red. This colour change was explained by the presence of carotenoids, which were absent from the mother plant inflorescences (Miler and Zalewska 2014). Because of the occurrence of such variations, it is important to reliably assess the stability of newly produced plant material before rooting, acclimatization, and cultivation in the glasshouse, to exclude or select altered individuals, depending on production/breeding goals.…”

“…There are two main causes of variation in micropropagated chrysanthemum plants: somaclonal variation, which occurs de novo as a result of specific in vitro conditions (Larkin and Scowcroft 1981), and the separation of chimera components, which is an expression of existing variation between histogen layers (Miler and Zalewska 2014). Variation induced or revealed during micropropagation is undesirable in the commercial production of ornamental plants, and as a consequence of failing to deliver true-totype plants, producers are exposed to considerable loss of income and customer confidence (Kulus et al 2019).…”

“…These methods, however, are expensive, time-consuming, and require the use of numerous primers to obtain reliable results. On the other hand, chemotaxonomical array analysis based on the pigment content in petals, is cheaper but can only be performed on mature plants at the stage of blooming (Lema-Rumińska et al 2018). Flow-cytometric (FCM) determination of nuclear DNA content is a relatively simple, fast, and inexpensive method of verifying genome size stability.…”