“…The process of transferring the heat (Ghalandari et al, 2019;Zhao et al, 2021a, Zhao et al, 2021b between two fluids at different temperatures separated by a solid wall is common in many engineering applications (Che et al, 2021;Mahariq and Erciyas, 2017;Mahariq et al, 2020;Panahi and Zamzamian, 2017;Prabhanjan et al, 2002;Shafee et al, 2020;Zhao et al, 2021c). Heat exchangers are devices that allow heat to be transferred from one fluid to another without mixing the two fluids (Assad et al, 2021;Che et al, 2021;Chu et al, 2020;She and Fan, 2018;Zhou et al, 2020).…”