Identification of opportunistic enteric parasites among immunocompetent patients with diarrhoea from Northern India and genetic characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Microsporidia

Dey, Asmita; Ranjan, Prabhat; Khanduja, Sonali; Agarwal, Vikas; Uc, Ghoshal

doi:10.4103/0255-0857.174114

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…A prevalence of 41.3% of microsporidia in the colon tissue of patients with CC was found, compared to 0% of microsporidia in the colon tissues of healthy subjects. The prevalence rate of microsporidia infection in immunocompetent subjects ranges from 0% to 50% in different countries, although most studies are based on the detection of spores in feces with a few in urine [ 19 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent Microsporidia Infection Prevalence as a Risk Factor in Colon Cancer Patients

Redondo

Hurtado-Marcos

Izquierdo

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Microsporidia are opportunistic intracellular parasites, generating serious pathology in individuals with a compromised immune system. Infection by microsporidia inhibits p53 and Caspase 3, proteins involved in apoptosis and the cell cycle, which are vital in the malignant process of epithelial cells. The presence of microsporidia in the intestinal tissues of 87 colon cancer (CC) patients and 25 healthy controls was analyzed by real-time PCR and an immunofluorescence antibody test. Anti-Encephalitozoon antibodies were analyzed in serum samples by ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). In 36 (41.3%) CC cases, microsporidia infections were identified in their tissues vs. no cases among control subjects (p < 0.0001). An increase in IgG and IgE anti-Encephalitozoon antibodies was found in patients with CC, which would demonstrate continuous and previous contact with the parasite. The high prevalence of microsporidia in tissues and the seroprevalence in patients with CC suggest a relationship between microsporidia and the etiopathogenesis of CC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent Microsporidia Infection Prevalence as a Risk Factor in Colon Cancer Patients

Redondo

Hurtado-Marcos

Izquierdo

et al. 2022

Cancers

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“…In contrast, other studies showed higher rates of infection [33–34]. This coccidian parasite can be found in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients [35,36] and is responsible for traveller’s diarrhea [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteroparasitism and Risk Factors Associated with Clinical Manifestations in Children and Adults of Jalisco State in Western Mexico

Galván-Ramírez¹,

Madriz-Elisondo

Ramírez

et al. 2019

Osong Public Health Res Perspect

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Objectives To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal parasites in the population of San Juan Cosala, Jalisco, Mexico. Methods A total of 277 samples from 104 participants were analysed using direct smear, flotation, formaldehyde/ethyl acetate, and modified Kinyoun’s acid-fast stain methods. The Graham method was applied only for samples from children under 12 years of age for the diagnosis of Enterobius vermicularis. Results The prevalence of parasite infections in the study population was 77.9% including: Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar/E. moshkovskii/E. bangladeshi (37.5%), Giardia intestinalis (11.5%); commensals: Endolimax nana (44.2%), Entamoeba coli (27.9%), Chilomastix mesnili (6.7%) and Iodamoeba bütschlii , (2.9%); emerging intestinal protozoans: Blastocystis spp. (49%), Cryptosporidium spp. (7.7%) and Cyclospora cayetanensis (2.9%); and helminths: Enterobius vermicularis (18.3%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (5.8%). The results also showed that 58.64% of the studied population presented polyparasitism. A significant association was found between protozoan infections and housewives, and houses that were not built with concrete ceilings, brick walls and cement floors ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Polyparasitism was observed in over half the study population. The most prevalent parasite was Blastocystis spp, whilst the prevalence of helminths was less than that of protozoans. The risk factors for infection to intestinal parasites were being a housewife and not having solid brick, cement and concrete materials for house construction.

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“…The mIHS method consistently detected significantly higher rates of Blastocystis spp. and G. intestinalis at hospital C and significantly higher rates of D. fragilis when compared with the IHS-only method at hospital A and wet preparation microscopy at hospital B. Microscopy remains a widely used tool for protozoan detection, even in low prevalence settings such as Sydney (Bruijnesteijn Van Coppenraet et al 2009; Ghoshal et al 2016). While molecular methods are more sensitive for pathogen detection, these tools are still not widely available or routinely employed even in developed settings (Fletcher et al 2012; Ghoshal et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of enteric protozoan infections in four Australian hospitals: variable tests and variable results

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYThere is limited evidence of the prevalence of enteric protozoon infections in developed settings. We estimated the prevalence of enteric protozoa and evaluated the outcome of testing algorithms used in hospital settings in Sydney, Australia. This retrospective study assessed microbiological data from four public clinical laboratories. Pooled data from the four hospitals revealed the most common enteric protozoon detected wasBlastocystisspp. in an average of 5·4% of cases, followed byGiardia intestinalis(1·1%) andDientamoeba fragilis(0·8%). Protozoon detection rates between hospitals were significantly different and could be based on multiple factors. The modified iron haematoxylin staining method, consistently detected higher rates ofBlastocystisspp., andG. intestinalisin comparison with microscopy of wet preparations, as well as higher rates ofG. intestinalisandCryptosporidiumwhen compared with enzyme immunoassay. The study concludes that there are multiple factors that contribute to the variability in protozoa detection rates in metropolitan hospitals, including widespread variability in the testing protocols for enteric protozoa, individual and population characteristics. A gold standard approach for diagnosis of enteric protozoa is recommended. Molecular diagnostic methods such as polymerase chain reaction would provide consistency across laboratories and yield more reliable estimates of the actual prevalence of enteric protozoa.

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Identification of opportunistic enteric parasites among immunocompetent patients with diarrhoea from Northern India and genetic characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Microsporidia

Abstract: Opportunistic enteric parasitic infestation was more common among immunocompetent patients with diarrhoea than healthy subjects. Special staining as well as molecular methods are essential for appropriate diagnosis of these parasites.

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

Latent Microsporidia Infection Prevalence as a Risk Factor in Colon Cancer Patients

Latent Microsporidia Infection Prevalence as a Risk Factor in Colon Cancer Patients

Enteroparasitism and Risk Factors Associated with Clinical Manifestations in Children and Adults of Jalisco State in Western Mexico

Comparison of enteric protozoan infections in four Australian hospitals: variable tests and variable results

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