Identification of patterns of crystal-chemical transformations in historical artifacts made of metals

Indutnyi, Volodymyr; Merezhko, Nina; Pirkovich, Kateryna; Andreiev, Oleksii

doi:10.15587/1729-4061.2021.225418

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The experimental study, the results of which were reported earlier [1,3], makes it possible to draw the following conclusion. History artifacts that have survived under the conditions of burial and are known as archaeological finds have an extremely high rate of variability in the content of chemical elements in the results of measurement on different surface areas.…”

Section: Results Of Studying the Chemical Composition Of The Ash Obta...supporting

confidence: 53%

“…ent [2,3]. However, in that case, they proceed very slowlyfor hundreds, and sometimes thousands of years.…”

Section: This Paper Reports the Results Of Studying The Chemical Comp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of the results of natural recrystallization processes can be objectively observed when experimentally studying the chemical composition of the surfaces of metal cultural monuments that were made in the distant past [3,11]. Thus, repeatedly, there were studies into the chemical composition of iron archaeological sites (Fig.…”

Section: Results Of Studying the Chemical Composition Of The Ash Obta...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Work [2] reports a study of the chemical composition and microstructure of the golden object of the XIV-XV centuries that identified signs of its authenticity. Determining patterns of crystal-chemical transformations in the artifacts of history made from metals [3] was also considered but the samples of cold weapons were not studied in the cited paper.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Devising criteria for the authenticity of historical cold weapons based on X-ray fluorescence analysis of their surface

Merezhko

Vovk

Indutnyi

et al. 2021

EEJET

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This paper reports the results of studying the chemical composition of the surface of 4 objects of cold weapons of the 19th and early 20th centuries, made of iron – bayonet knives and sabers. This makes it possible to establish the signs of authenticity of cold weapon samples made of iron in that chronological period. An authentic procedure has been proposed for examining the chemical composition of the surface of historical objects of cold weapons by rubbing the samples with cotton wool swabs and their subsequent investigation. This makes it possible to explore objects of cold weapons, whose size is large, as well as simplify the very procedure for studying objects of historical and cultural value. Using the X-ray fluorescent chemical analyzer Expert Mobile, chemical elements were found at the surface of samples of cold weapons made of iron. The presence of such elements is the result of the process of re-crystallization and self-purification of metal during a long history of its life. Elements found in almost every rubbing sample were identified: calcium, ferrum, zinc, cuprum, and chlorine. The studies of cold weapons samples testify to the heterogeneity of the composition of patina formations on their surface, which confirms the authenticity of ancient objects. In addition, the studies have shown a difference in the chemical composition of surface layers of different parts of individual samples of antique cold weapons, which may indicate different times or different technology for their manufacture. The fluorescence spectra of the obtained rubbing of individual samples of cold weapons were compared with "pure" material, which made it possible to identify elements removed from the surface of objects. The study results are important indicators to confirm the authenticity of cultural monuments and the technology of their manufacture in the past.

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Section: Results Of Studying the Chemical Composition Of The Ash Obta...supporting

confidence: 53%

“…ent [2,3]. However, in that case, they proceed very slowlyfor hundreds, and sometimes thousands of years.…”

Section: This Paper Reports the Results Of Studying The Chemical Comp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results Of Studying the Chemical Composition Of The Ash Obta...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Devising criteria for the authenticity of historical cold weapons based on X-ray fluorescence analysis of their surface

Merezhko

Vovk

Indutnyi

et al. 2021

EEJET

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“…On the surface of metal objects that have been made over the past 50 years, such high differences in chemical composition will not be observed, so this feature may be the main criterion for the authenticity of antique and museum samples of cold steel [4].…”

Section: The Aim Of the Work Is To Demonstrate The Practical Application Of Amentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method of Studying the Chemical Composition of the Surface of Historical Melee Weapons in the Context of the Question of Its Authenticity

Merezhko¹,

Vovk²,

Andreiev³

et al. 2022

InterConf+

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The results of the study of the chemical composition of the surface of 4 items of melee weapons made of iron – bayonets and sabers – are given. This allows us to establish the authenticity of samples of cold steel of one chronological period.The author's method of the research of chemical composition of a surface of historical objects of the cold weapon by rubbing of samples with tampons from cotton wool and their further research was offered. This makes it possible to examine objects of cold steel, large in size, without damaging the surface, as well as to simplify the procedure of research of objects of historical and cultural value.

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Determining the sequence of elimination of impurity ions from the surface of historical cold iron weapons

Vovk,

Indutnyi,

Merezhko

et al. 2023

EEJET

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Confirming the authenticity of historical cold weapons and determining their age is an urgent problem in practical examination. One of the promising directions for its solution is the experimental study of the process of elimination of impurity ions from iron, which occurs throughout the long history of life. This paper describes a model that explains the sequence of elimination of impurity ions from near-surface parts of the metal. Deformation indicators of the crystal lattice of iron were calculated and sorted in order of decreasing ionic radius of the impurity chemical element. A diagram of the deformation effect of impurity chemical elements on the volume-centered crystal lattice of iron was constructed. Ions that are larger in diameter are more actively eliminated from the surface layers of the metal, while ions that are smaller are removed to a lesser extent. With the help of the authors’ methodology, a study of the chemical composition of the surface of collection samples of iron cold weapons of the 20th, 19th, and 18th centuries was carried out. It has been established that a metal alloy made in the recent past ‒ up to 100 years ‒ is characterized by a very active release of impurity chemical elements on the surface when it is heated. Iron weapons made up to 200 years ago have a significantly lower ability to release chemical impurities because most of the latter have already been eliminated. At the same time, samples of cold weapons of this age already have microdefects in the form of cleavage cracks and caverns, so their surface contains a significant number of compounds of eliminated chemical elements that have accumulated during the long history of their use. Older cold weapons, made 300 years ago or earlier, have impurity ions that are smaller than ferric ions, particularly silicon. The results of the research are important for the identification and authentication of historical iron cold weapons

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Identification of patterns of crystal-chemical transformations in historical artifacts made of metals

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Devising criteria for the authenticity of historical cold weapons based on X-ray fluorescence analysis of their surface

Devising criteria for the authenticity of historical cold weapons based on X-ray fluorescence analysis of their surface

A New Method of Studying the Chemical Composition of the Surface of Historical Melee Weapons in the Context of the Question of Its Authenticity

Determining the sequence of elimination of impurity ions from the surface of historical cold iron weapons

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