Identification of phenolic compounds from pollen extracts using capillary electrophoresis–electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Abstract

In this work, a new, easy and rapid method of analyzing phenolic compounds in pollen extract, based on capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrospray ionization time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-TOF-MS), has been developed. A systematic investigation of separation parameters has been performed with respect to resolution, sensitivity, analysis time and peak shape. The electrophoretic parameters and electrospray conditions must be optimized to obtain reproducible analyses. Using this method, several important phenolic compounds such as acetin-glucoside, 7-O-methylherbacetin-3-sophoroside, galloyl-glucose, quercetin-3-sophoroside, apigenin-6,8-di-C-glycoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside, genistein-7-O-beta-D: -glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside and 2',4',6'-trihydroxy-3'-formyldihydrochalcone have been determined directly from pollen extract. The efficiency, the rapidity, the small amounts of sample required, and the high resolution of CE coupled with the sensitivity, the selectivity, the accurate masses and the true isotopic patterns obtained using TOF-MS point to the potential of this approach for identifying the phenolic compounds present in pollen.

Effect of Apitherapy Formulations against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats after Three Weeks of Treatment

“…Laboratory animals that were administered this toxic substance presented histopathological modifications in the liver and biochemical alterations. Bee pollen is a very important source of saccharides, lipids, proteins and amino acids, vitamins and polyphenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids, thus being able to exert hepatoprotective effects [10,11]. The hepatoprotective effects of honey have also been studied over time [12].…”

CE and CEC analysis of phytochemicals in herbal medicines

“…Ultrasonic extraction was the most frequently used method due to its efficiency and easy manipulation. Indeed, it was employed in about two‐thirds (180 out of 271 articles) of cited references (Supporting Information Tables 1–7) 4–271. Other conventional extraction methods included reflux 6, 14, 15, 21, 45, 74, 84, 87, 97, 117, 121, 123, 131, 134, 157, 162, 164, 169, 171, 172, 176, 179, 182–184, 205, 212, 227, 235, 236, 259, Soxhlet extraction 23, 89, 91, 128, 131, 244, heating extraction 22, 39, 51...…”

Determination of Luteolin and Apigenin in Herbs by Capillary Electrophoresis with Diode Array Detection

“…The most widely used is ultravioletvisible detection. Although mass spectrometry [17,18] , electrochemistry [14] , laser-induced fluorescence [19] , and chemiluminescence [20] have been used, ultraviolet detection is still widely used for flavonoids from natural sources because these compounds are present at sufficiently high concentrations to be determined by this approach [21] .…”