Identification of potential on-farm sources of<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>in herds of dairy cattle

Mohammed, Hussni O.; Stipetić, Korana; McDonough, Patrick L.; González, R. N.; Nydam, D.V.; Atwill, Edward R

doi:10.2460/javma.234.5.673

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Listeria monocytogenes has been isolated from many locations within dairy farms, including feces (32,39,40), animal drinking water (29,37,40), feeds or feed components (37,39), and milking equipment (29,30). A potential link between animal production systems and human listeriosis cases exists, as was suggested by previous studies that described the presence of L. monocytogenes ribotypes (39) or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types (3,17) from farms that matched those observed for isolates from human listeriosis cases.…”

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confidence: 81%

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Increased In Vitro Adherence and On-Farm Persistence of Predominant and Persistent Listeria monocytogenes Strains in the Milking System

Latorre

Kessel

Karns

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Dairy farms are a reservoir for Listeria monocytogenes, and the reduction of this pathogen at the farm level is important for reducing human exposure. The objectives of this research were to study the diversity of L. monocytogenes strains on a single dairy farm, assess strain dynamics within the farm, identify potential sources of L. monocytogenes in bulk tank milk and milk filters, and assess the adherence abilities of representative strains. A total of 248 L. monocytogenes isolates were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Combined AscI and ApaI restriction analysis yielded 40 PFGE types (strains). The most predominant strains were T (28.6%), D (22.6%), and F (14.9%). A high level of heterogeneity of strains among isolates from fecal (Simpson's index of diversity [SID] ‫؍‬ 0.96) and environmental (SID ‫؍‬ 0.96) samples was observed. A higher homogeneity of strains was observed among isolates from milk filters (SID ‫؍‬ 0.71) and bulk tank milk (SID ‫؍‬ 0.65). Six of 17 L. monocytogenes isolates (35.3%) were classified in an in vitro assay as having a "low adherence ability," 9 (52.9%) were classified as having a "medium adherence ability," and 2 (11.8%) were classified as having a "high adherence ability." The L. monocytogenes strains that were predominant and persistent showed significantly better adherence than did strains that were only sporadic, predominant, or persistent (P ‫؍‬ 0.0006). Our results suggest that the milking system was exposed to several L. monocytogenes strains from different sources. Only 3 strains, however, were successful in persisting within the milking system, suggesting that some strains are more suitable to that particular ecological environment than others.

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confidence: 81%

“…Listeria monocytogenes is nearly ubiquitous on dairy farms (39), and its presence in milk and milk filters has been frequently reported (29,37,46). Listeria monocytogenes has been isolated from many locations within dairy farms, including feces (32,39,40), animal drinking water (29,37,40), feeds or feed components (37,39), and milking equipment (29,30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased In Vitro Adherence and On-Farm Persistence of Predominant and Persistent Listeria monocytogenes Strains in the Milking System

Latorre

Kessel

Karns

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Nevertheless, hay and concentrates can also be sources of L. monocytogenes in barns . For instance, Mohammed et al (2009) found twice the incidence of L. monocytogenes in drinking troughs, feeders and cow beds (66%, 65%, and 55%, respectively) than in silage (30%). Although pathogen control procedures such as heat treatment or the addition of chemicals can be used in the feed manufacturing process, Molla et al (2010) strongly question the conventional wisdom that processed feed is not a source of bacterial contamination.…”

Section: Listeria Monocytogenes In Dairy Cow Feed Diet and Faecal Shementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most surveys of bulk tank raw milk, L. monocytogenes was detected in 1-16% of samples (Ryser, 2007;Vilar et al, 2007;Mohammed et al, 2009;Fox et al, 2011;Van Kessel et al, 2011). This variability might reflect differences in farm management practices, geographical locations, yearly seasons, sampling or analytical methods, etc.…”

Section: Raw Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review. Dairy farm management and production practices associated with the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk and beef

Santorum

Garcia

López-Alonso

et al. 2012

Span. j. agric. res.

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Human listeriosis is a severe foodborne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes. It is a zoonosis that represents a significant concern for the food industry due to the high mortality rate it causes and the fact that the organism is capable of growing at refrigeration temperatures. Dairy products and ready-to-eat meats are among the foods most often involved in listeriosis outbreaks. Listeria is a common contaminant in the dairy environment, both on the farm and in the processing plant. The main sources of L. monocytogenes in dairy farms are manure and improperly fermented silage. If silage crops are grown on contaminated land, a new cycle of silage contamination and faecal shedding by ruminants that consume such silage may ensue. High loads of L. monocytogenes produced in farm environments may thus represent a primary source for the introduction of this pathogen into the human food supply chain; dairy cows would represent a reservoir for the bacterium, and raw milk and beef would represent the main vehicles for its transmission from dairy farms to humans. Even if contamination originates in post-processing environments, contaminated raw foods may still represent a vehicle for introducing L. monocytogenes into food processing plants. Molecular typing methods have confirmed that common strains of L. monocytogenes are present in dairy farm-associated isolates and isolates from both human epidemic and sporadic cases. Pre-harvest (on-farm) control of listeriosis should be based mainly on the control of manure, silage, herd health and milking practices.Additional key words: animal reservoir; dairy primary production; environmental sources; food vehicles; listeriosis. ResumenRevisión. Tipos de gestión y producción de las granjas de ganado vacuno lechero relacionados con la presencia de Listeria monocytogenes en la leche y la carne La listeriosis humana es una grave enfermedad transmitida por alimentos y causada por Listeria monocytogenes. Se trata de una zoonosis que supone una gran preocupación para la industria alimentaria debido a su alta tasa de mortalidad y al hecho de que el microorganismo es capaz de crecer a temperaturas de refrigeración. Listeria es un contaminante habitual en las granjas y plantas de productos lácteos. En las granjas las fuentes principales de L. monocytogenes son el estiércol y los ensilados mal fermentados. Si la cosecha utilizada para producir ensilados procede de campos contaminados, puede comenzar un nuevo ciclo de contaminación de los ensilados y liberación del patógeno en las heces de los animales. El ganado vacuno lechero representa uno de los principales reservorios de este microorganismo y la leche y la carne representarían los principales vehículos para su transmisión desde la granja de producción de leche al ser humano. Incluso cuando la contaminación del alimento procede de etapas posteriores al procesado, los alimentos crudos contaminados también representan uno de los vehículos de entrada de L. monocytogenes en las plan-

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“…At the same time, there is no evident link between listeriosis and silage feeding in up to a third of listeriosis cases and silage feeding did not emerge as a risk factor in a Swiss case-control study (Wiedmann et al, 1999;Spycher, 2012). It has also been shown that contamination of barn equipment like bedding, water and feeding troughs can be higher than in silage silos and bunkers (Mohammed et al, 2009). This raises the question whether there are other significant infection sources for ruminants apart from silage.…”

Section: Listeriosis In Ruminants and Humans Clinical Presentation Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Listeria monocytogenes infection in ruminants: Is there a link to the environment, food and human health? A review

Walland¹,

Lauper²,

Frey³

et al. 2015

SAT

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Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is widely distributed in the environment, but also has the ability to cause serious invasive disease in ruminants and humans. This review provides an overview of listeriosis in ruminants and discusses our insufficient understanding of reservoirs and possible cycling ofL. monocytogenes between animal and human hosts, food and the environment. It indicates gaps in our knowledge of the role of genetic subtypes in L. monocytogenes ecology and virulence as well as risk factors, in vivo diagnostics and pathogenesis of listeriosis in ruminants. Filling these gaps will contribute to improving the control of L. monocytogenes and enhancing disease prevention. As the prevalence of listeriosis in ruminants in Switzerland is likely to be underestimated, propositions concerning improvement options for surveillance of listeriosis in ruminants are provided. Summary Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is widely distributed in the environment, but also has the ability to cause serious invasive disease in ruminants and humans. This review provides an overview of listeriosis in ruminants and discusses our insufficient understanding of reservoirs and possible cycling of L. monocytogenes between animal and human hosts, food and the environment. It indicates gaps in our knowledge of the role of genetic subtypes in L. monocytogenes ecology and virulence as well as risk factors, in vivo diagnostics and pathogenesis of listeriosis in ruminants. Filling these gaps will contribute to improving the control of L. monocytogenes and enhancing disease prevention. As the prevalence of listeriosis in ruminants in Switzerland is likely to be underestimated, propositions concerning improvement options for surveillance of listeriosis in ruminants are provided.

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Identification of potential on-farm sources ofListeria monocytogenesin herds of dairy cattle

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Increased In Vitro Adherence and On-Farm Persistence of Predominant and Persistent Listeria monocytogenes Strains in the Milking System

Increased In Vitro Adherence and On-Farm Persistence of Predominant and Persistent Listeria monocytogenes Strains in the Milking System

Review. Dairy farm management and production practices associated with the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk and beef

Listeria monocytogenes infection in ruminants: Is there a link to the environment, food and human health? A review

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