Identification of Risk Factors for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in the Perianesthesia Adult Patient

A Comparison of Two Differing Doses of Promethazine for the Treatment of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

“…The promethazine 6.25 mg IV dose had the added benefit of lesser levels of sedation at 30 minutes post-medication administration (P 5 .01) and at the time of discharge from Phase II. Similar to previous reports, women had more PONV than men, 17,18 as did those with a history of PONV. 17 Unlike results of previous studies, 16 subjects receiving general anesthesia had fewer incidences of PONV.…”

“…Similar to previous reports, women had more PONV than men, 17,18 as did those with a history of PONV. 17 Unlike results of previous studies, 16 subjects receiving general anesthesia had fewer incidences of PONV. Subjects' age also did not contribute to differences in PONV frequency, which is consistent with prior reports.…”

“…The number of subjects for several of the procedures was small and results of prior research is mixed, with some studies reporting greater likelihood of PONV following general anesthesia, 16 and others suggesting that the procedure itself is not related to frequency of PONV. 17 Differences by variables other than treatment (which was randomized) should also be viewed with caution. Because of sample size, analysis of group comparisons did not include controlling for potential confounding variables or interaction effects.…”

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Adults: Implications for Critical Care

“…Females vomit 2 to 3 times more often than do males of the same age. 22 Nausea and vomiting also occur more often with pregnancy and use of birth control pills. These changes are attributed to the different endocrine mechanisms associated with child bearing.…”

“…Smoking blocks liver enzymes involved in the metabolism and excretion of anesthetics. 18,22 Interventions and Guidelines ASPAN has published evidencebased guidelines 7 that provide 2 different algorithms as a practical plan of care for patients at risk for PONV. The first algorithm (Figure 2) is used when surgery is elective and time is too short to obtain a history that will allow for risk stratification for the patient.…”